Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3 Repro and Endo Pathology > Pathology of the reproductive tract 3 > Flashcards

Pathology of the reproductive tract 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three testicular cell types

A
  • Germ cells
  • Interstitial cells (leydig cells)
  • Sertoli cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of interstitial cells?

A

Produce androgens (and oestrogens) under the influence of ICSH (= LH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of Sertoli cells?

A
  • Support germ cells in seminiferous ductules

- Secrete androgen-binding protein into ductular lumen and thereby support spermatogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe testicular hypoplasia

A
  • Occurs in most domestic species.
  • Uni or bilateral with various degrees of severity
  • Can be linked to toxins / hormonal imbalances / Zn deficiency / hybrids (mule).
  • Often in association with cryptorchid or chromasomal abnormalities eg. XXY (Klinefelter syndrome)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the main consequence of testicular hypoplasia?

A

Lack of spermatogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define cryptorchidism

A

Incomplete descent of testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the features of cryptorchidism

A
  • Abdominal or inguinal
  • Bi- or unilateral
  • Tumours are more frequent
  • Can be enlarged
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Abdominal testes are prone to?

A

Torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How will acute degeneration/atrophy of the testis appear histologically?

A

Hydropic degeneration, pyknosis, multinucleate giant cells, oligo- and aspermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are chronic stages of degeneration/atrophy characterised?

A

Reduced size and progressive fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name some causes of testicular atrophy

A
  • Trauma
  • Compression
  • Circulatory disorders
  • Inflammation
  • Infection
  • Nutritional deficiencies
  • Hyperthermia
  • Cryptorchidism
  • Ionising radiation
  • Hyperoestrogenism
  • Senile atrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compression atrophy can occur due to?

A

Traumas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the optimal temperature for normal testicular function

A

20 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does hyperoestrogenism cause testicular atrophy

A

Sertoli cell tumours; suppression of gonadotropin secretion by elevated oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe testicular torsion

A

Rare
Often as a sequelae to orchitis but also idiopathic
Partial vs total
Total = ischaemic necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Inflammation usually occurs due to?

A

Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe orchitis and epididymitis causes

A

Purulent inflammation often due to streptococci, staphylococci, E. coli, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, often abscess formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the ROI for orchitis and epididymitis

A

Haematogenous-metastatic
Ascending infection
External wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two causes of orchitis and epididymitis in horses?

A

Salmonella abortus equi

Equine viral arteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the three causes of orchitis and epididymitis in sheep?

A
  • Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
  • Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
  • Brucella ovis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the gross appearance of suppurative epididymitis

A

Testicular parenchyma surrounded by the epididymis

The epididymis is completely expanded by an accumulation of suppurative exudate

22
Q

What are the two causes of orchitis and epididymitis in dogs?

A

E.coli

Brucella canis

23
Q

What are the two causes of orchitis and epididymitis in cattle

A

Brucella abortus

Tuberculosis

24
Q

Describe the gross appearance of Chronic granulomatous orchitis in a bull

A

Multi-focal to coalescing yellow/tan pale foci

25
Q

Name the four types of testicular tumours

A
  • Seminoma
  • Sertoli cell tumour
  • Interstitial (Leydig) cell tumour
  • Teratoma
26
Q

Seminomas are derived from?

A

Germ cells

27
Q

Describe the appearance of seminomas

A

Firm, bulging, white to pale grey cut surface

May become quite large - generally increases the size of the testis

28
Q

Sertoli cell tumours are derived from?

A

Supporting cells of seminiferous tubules

29
Q

Describe the appearance of Sertoli cell tumours

A

Bulging, whitish-grey cut surface

May become large (-15 cm in diameter)

30
Q

Describe the signs and effects of Sertoli cell tumours

A
  • Signs of feminisation in 25% (oestrogen +/or inhibin production -> reduced testosterone)
  • Bilateral alopecia
  • Cutaneous hyperpigmentation
  • Atrophy of opposite testis
  • Pendulous prepuce
  • Varying degrees of gynecomastia
  • Attraction of male dogs
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Squamous metaplasia of prostate gland epithelium
31
Q

Describe the histological appearance of Sertoli cell tumours

A

Atrophy of the testicular parenchyma

Seminiferous tubular atrophy – instead of having germ cells and producing spermatozoa, only the Sertoli cells are left

32
Q

Interstitial cell tumours are derived from?

A

Interstitial cells surrounding seminiferous tubules

These are normally the androgen producing cells

33
Q

Describe the gross appearance of interstitial cell tumours

A

Soft, yellow to orange, well demarcated, bulging cut surface often with haemorrhage + cystic spaces
Usually not larger than 1-2 cm in diameter (dog)
Very rare metastases

34
Q

Describe the histo appearance of interstitial cell tumours

A

Solid pattern with some more cystic areas and haemorrhage
Cells have a vacuolated cytoplasm – this cells type normally produces steroid based hormones (lipid), so there are lipid based droplets in the cytoplasm

35
Q

Name some diseases of the prostate

A
  • Atrophy
  • Squamous metaplasia
  • Prostatitis
36
Q

When does prostate atrophy occur?

A

Most frequent after castration + oestrogen administration

37
Q

Prostatic hyperplasia affects which animals?

A

Older intact male dogs

38
Q

Describe the features of prostatic hyperplasia

A
  • Diffuse expansion of the gland (dorsally) -> compression of colon + difficult defecation
  • Often with cyst formation + occ. prostatitis
  • Not necessarily a premalignant lesion
  • Associated with increase in level of potent androgen within gland
39
Q

Describe the gross features of prostatic hyperplasia

A

Bilaterally symmetrical – smooth

Squamous metaplasia

40
Q

Name the most common prostatic tumour

A

Adenocarcinoma

41
Q

Describe the malignancy importance of a prostatic adenocarcinoma

A

Metastasis -> regional lymph nodes, urinary bladder (occlusion of ureters) and periproctal connective tissue

42
Q

How can a prostatic carcinoma be differentiated from prostatic hyperplasia on a rectal exam?

A

Bilaterally symmetrical and smooth = hyperplasia

If its not symmetrical has an irregular surface = tumour

43
Q

Name the terms used for inflammation of different parts of the penis

A 
Phalloposthitis = entire penis and prepuce
Blanoposthitis = glans penis and prepuce
44
Q

Name the most common tumour of the penis and prepuce in bulls

A

Fibropapiloma

45
Q

What is the cause of fibropapillomas?

A

Bovine papilloma virus type 1

46
Q

Describe a gross fibropapiloma

A

Multifocal to coalescing nodular papillary masses of the penis

47
Q

Name the most common tumour of the penis and prepuce in stallions

A

Squamous cell papilloma

  • benign
  • often multiple
48
Q

Describe another tumour of the penis and prepuce in stallions

A

Sarcoids

49
Q

Describe Sarcoids of the penis and prepuce

A

Locally invasive subcutaneous fibrous nodules
Induced by bovine papilloma virus type 1
Occasionally located at penis + prepuce, but more frequent in other skin locations

50
Q

Describe squamous cell carcinomas in stallions

A
  • Most often on glans penis
  • Often superficially ulcerated + necrotic
  • Unless early Dx, prognosis is guarded
  • Metastasis to inguinal lymph nodes is common

Y3 Repro and Endo Pathology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions