P3: Particle Model Of Matter WIP [No Triple yet] Flashcards
What is density?
Density is a measure of how closely packed together atoms in a material are
What is the equation linking density, mass and volume?
Density = Mass / Volume
(Density x Volume = mass)
Kilograms per metre cubed = kilograms / metres cubed
What are the characteristics & motion patterns of particles in a solid?
\+ Particles are stationary \+ The densest of states (Particles are packed close together) \+ The State with the lowest volume \+ Particles are arranged uniformly \+ Particles vibrate in fixed positions
What are the characteristics & motion patterns of particles in a liquid?
+ Particles move relative to one another
+ Denser than gas, less dense than solids
+ Less volume than gas, more volume than solids
> Note: There are exceptions such as ice, which is less dense than water & floats
+ Particles are in constant motion
What are the characteristics & motion patterns of a gas?
\+ Particles in a gas move rapidly in random directions, without correlation > This is called Brownian motion \+ It is the least dense state \+ It is the state with the most volume \+ Particles are in constant motion
How do you find the density of an irregular object?
+ Place the irregular object in a container of water at full capacity
> This will cause it to overflow
+ The overflown (or displaced) water’s volume is equal to the volume of the irregular object
How can the state of a substance be changed?
+ By changing the substance’s temperature
+ By changing the substance’s pressure
What happens to the mass of a substance when it changes state?
+ It is conserved
> A kilogram of solid becomes a kilogram of liquid when melted
What type of reaction is a change in state?
+ A change in state is a physical change, meaning no new substances are formed & it is reversible
What is internal energy?
+ Internal energy is the energy that is stored by all the particles in an energy system
+ The internal energy of a molecule is the sum of its kinetic & potential energy
What factors dictate how much the temperature of an object changes?
+ The object’s specific heat capacity
+ The mass of the object
+ The energy transferred into or out of an object
What is the specific heat capacity of an object?
+ The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy that is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of that substance by one degree celsius
What is the equation of finding an object’s specific heat capacity?
Change in Energy = Mass x Specific tool capacity x Change in temperature
Joules = kilograms x joules per kilogram degree centigrade x degree centigrade
What is latent heat?
+ The latent heat of an object is the amount of energy required to change that object’s state without altering its temperature
+ There are two types:
> The Latent heat of fusion : The latent heat required to turn a solid into a liquid, or vice versa
> The latent heat of Vaporization : The latent heat required to turn a liquid into a gas and vice versa
What is the equation for latent heat?
Energy transferred = MAss x Latent heat
Joules = kilograms x Joules per kilogram
