Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kremkau Textbook SPI Review > 5. Imaging Motion & Flow > Flashcards

5. Imaging Motion & Flow Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ are the tiniest vessels in the circulatory system.

a. arteries
b. arterioles
c. capillaries
d. bile ducts
e. venules
f. veins

A

c. capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The characteristic of a fluid that offers resistance to flow is called ______.

a. resistance
b. viscosity
c. inertia
d. impedance
e. density

A

b. viscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Poise is a unit of _____.

a. resistance
b. viscosity
c. inertia
d. impedance
e. density

A

b. viscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pressure is _____ per unit area.

a. resistance
b. viscosity
c. inertia
d. force

A

d. force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pressure is _____.

a. nondirectional
b. unidirectional
c. omnidirectional
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

c. omnidirectional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Flow is a response to pressure ______ or _______.

a. difference, gradient
b. increase, decrease
c. fore, aft
d. presence, absence

A

a. difference, gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The volumetric flow rate in a tube is determined by _____ difference and ______.

a. resistance, pressure
b. pressure, resistance
c. diameter, length
d. pressure, length

A

b. pressure, resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Flow increases if _____ increase(s).

a. pressure difference
b. pressure gradient
c. resistance
d. a and b
e. all of the above

A

d. a and b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

While flow resistance increases, volumetric flow rate _____.

a. increases
b. decreases
c. is unchanged
d. depends on pressure

A

b. decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If pressure difference is doubled, volumetric flow rate is ______.

a. unchanged
b. quartered
c. halved
d. doubled
e. quadrupled

A

d. doubled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If flow resistance is doubled, volumetric flow rate is ______.

a. unchanged
b. quartered
c. halved
d. doubled
e. quadrupled

A

c. halved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Flow resistance in a vessel depends on ______.

a. vessel length
b. vessel radius
c. blood viscosity
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

d. all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Flow resistance decreases with an increase in _______.

a. vessel length
b. vessel radius
c. blood viscosity
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

b. vessel radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Flow resistance depends most strongly on ______.

a. vessel length
b. vessel radius
c. blood viscosity
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

b. vessel radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Volumetric flow rate decreases with an increase in ________.

a. pressure difference
b. vessel radius
c. vessel length
d. blood viscosity
e. c and d

A

e. c and d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When the speed of a fluid is constant across a vessel, the flow is called _____ flow.

a. volume
b. parabolic
c. laminar
d. viscous
e. plug

A

e. plug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

_______ flow occurs when straight parallel streamlines describing the flow are altered.

a. volume
b. turbulent
c. parabolic
d. disturbed

A

d. disturbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

______ flow involves random and chaotic flow patterns, with particles flowing in all directions.

a. volume
b. turbulent
c. parabolic
d. disturbed

A

b. turbulent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Turbulent flow is more likely _______ to a stenosis.

a. proximal
b. distal

A

b. distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A narrowing of the lumen of a tube is called a _______.

a. stenosis
b. gorge
c. titer
d. kink

A

a. stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Proximal to, at, and distal to a stenosis, ______ must be constant.

a. laminar flow
b. disturbed flow
c. turbulent flow
d. volumetric flow rate
e. none of the above

A

d. volumetric flow rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Poiseuille equation predicts a(n) _____ in flow speed with a decrease in vessel radius.

a. increase
b. decrease

A

b. decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The continuity rule predicts a(n) _____ in flow speed with a localized decrease (stenosis) in vessel diameter.

a. increase
b. decrease

A

a. increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In a stenosis, the pressure is _____ the proximal and distal values.

a. less than
b. equal to
c. greater than
d. depends on the fluid
e. none of the above

A

a. less than

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Added forward flow and flow reversal in diastole can occur with _____ flow.

a. volume
b. turbulent
c. laminar
d. disturbed
e. pulsatile

A

e. pulsatile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

While stenosis diameter decreases, ______ pass(es) through a maximum.

a. flow speed at the stenosis
b. flow speed proximal to the stenosis
c. volumetric flow rate
d. the Doppler shift at the stenosis
e. a and d

A

e. a and d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The _____ effect is used to detect and measure ____ in vessels.

a. Bernoulli, blood
b. Poiseuille, pressure
c. Poiseuille, flow
d. Doppler, flow

A

d. Doppler, flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Motion of an echo-generating structure causes an echo to have a different ______ from that of the emitted pulse.

a. form
b. strength
c. amplitude
d. frequency

A

d. frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

If the incident frequency is 1 MHz, the propagation speed is 1600 m/s, and the reflector speed is 16 m/s toward the source, the Doppler shift is ___ MHz, and the reflected frequency is ____ MHz.

a. -.-02, 1.02
b. 0.02, 1.02
c. 0.026, 1.026
d. -0.026, 1.026

A

b. 0.02, 1.02

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

For an operating frequency of 6 MHz, a flow speed of 50 cm/s, and a Doppler angle of 60 degrees, calculate the Doppler shift (kHz).

a. 1.95
b. 9.15
c. 5.91
d. 5.19

A

a. 1.95

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

For blood flowing in a vessel with a plug flow profile, the Doppler shift is ___ across the vessel.

a. constant
b. variable
c. parabolic
d. circular

A

a. constant

32
Q

Which Doppler angle yields the greatest Doppler shift?

a. -90
b. -45
c. 0
d. 45
e. 90

A

c. 0

33
Q

To proceed from a measurement of Doppler-shift frequency to a calculation of flow speed, ____ _____ must be known or assumed.

a. pressure amplitude
b. peak frequency
c. Doppler angle
d. average intensity

A

c. Doppler angle

34
Q

If operating frequency is doubled, the Doppler shift is _____.

a. halved
b. unchanged
c. doubled
d. quadrupled

A

c. doubled

35
Q

If flow speed is doubled, the Doppler shift is _____.

a. halved
b. unchanged
c. doubled
d. quadrupled

A

c. doubled

36
Q

If Doppler angle is doubled, the Doppler shift is _____.

a. doubled
b. halved
c. increased
d. decreased

A

d. decreased

37
Q

Color-Doppler instruments present two-dimensional, color-coded images representing _____ that are superimposed on gray-scale images representing ______.

a. flow, anatomy
b. motion, flow
c. anatomy, frequency
d. amplitude, frequency

A

a. flow, anatomy

38
Q

Which of the following on a color-Doppler display is (are) presented in real time?

a. gray-scale anatomy
b. flow direction
c. doppler spectrum
d. a and b
e. all of the above

A

d. a and b

39
Q

Color-Doppler instruments use an ____ technique to yield Doppler information in real time.

a. automatic
b. autocorrelation
c. autonomic
d. autocratic

A

b. autocorrelation

40
Q

The angle dependencies of Doppler-shift displays and Doppler-power displays are different. T or F?

A

True (power displays have no angle dependence)

41
Q

In color-Doppler instruments, color is used only to represent flow direction. T or F?

A

False

42
Q

About __ frames per second are produced by a color-Doppler instrument.

a. 10
b. 20
c. 40
d. 80
e. More than one of the above

A

e. More than one of the above (a, b, or c)

43
Q

Doppler shift displays are not dependent on Doppler angle. T or F?

A

False

44
Q

If a color-Doppler instrument shows two colors in the same vessel, it always means flow is occuring in opposite directions in the vessel. T or F?

A

False (it also can mean aliasing or changing Doppler angle)

45
Q

A region of bright color on a Doppler-shift display always indicates the highest flow speeds. T or F

A

False (remember the Doppler angle)

46
Q

Increasing ensemble length ____ the frame rate.

a. increases
b. decreases
c. doubles
d. triples

A

b. decreases

47
Q

The ______ technique is commonly used to detect echo Doppler shifts in color-Doppler instruments.

a. automatic
b. autocorrelation
c. autonomic
d. autocratic

A

b. autocorrelation

48
Q

Which of the following reduces frame rate of a color-Doppler image? (more than one correct answer)

a. wider color window
b. longer color window
c. increased ensemble length
d. higher transducer frequency
e. higher priority setting

A

a. wider color window and c. increased ensemble length

49
Q

Lack of color in a vessel containing blood flow may be attributable to ______. (more than one correct answer)

a. low color gain
b. a high wall filter setting
c. a low-priority setting
d. baseline shift
e. aliasing

A

a. low color gain, b. a high wall filter setting, c. a low-priority setting

50
Q

Increasing ensemble length _____ color sensitivity and accuracy and _____ frame rate.

a. improves, increases
b. degrades, increases
c. degrades, decreases
d. improves, decreases
e. none of the above

A

d. improves, decreases

51
Q

Which control can be used to help with clutter?

a. wall filter
b. gain
c. baseline shift
d. PRF
e. smoothing

A

a. wall filter

52
Q

Color map baselines are always represented by ______.

a. white
b. black
c. red
d. blue
e. cyan

A

b. black

53
Q

Doubling the width of a color window produces a(n) _____ frame rate.

a. doubled
b. quadrupled
c. unchanged
d. halved
e. quartered

A

d. halved

54
Q

Steering the color window to the right or left produces a(n) ______ frame rate.

a. doubled
b. quadrupled
c. unchanged
d. halved
e. quartered

A

c. unchanged

55
Q

Autocorrelation produces _______. (more than one correct answer)

a. the color of the Doppler shift
b. the mean value of the Doppler shift
c. variance
d. spectrum
e. peak Doppler shift

A

b. the mean value of the Doppler shift. c. variance

56
Q

Steering the color window to the right or left changes ______.

a. frame rate
b. PRF
c. the Doppler angle
d. the Doppler shift
e. more than one of the above

A

e. more than one of the above (the Doppler angle and shift)

57
Q

Color-Doppler frame rates are ______ gray-scale rates.

a. equal to
b. less than
c. more than
d. depends on color map
e. depends on priority

A

b. less than

58
Q

In a single frame, color can change in a vessel because of ______.

a. vessel curvature
b. sector format
c. helical flow
d. diastolic flow reversal
e. all of the above

A

e. all of the above

59
Q

Angle is not important in transverse color-Doppler views through vessels. T or F?

A

False

60
Q

Compared with Doppler-shift imaging, Doppler-power imaging is _______.

a. more sensitive
b. angle independent
c. aliasing independent
d. speed independent
e. all of the above

A

e. all of the above

61
Q

The functions of a Doppler detector include _______.

a. amplification
b. phase quadrature detection
c. Doppler-shift detection
d. sign determination
e. all of the above

A

e. all of the above

62
Q

An earlier gate time means _____ sample volume depth.

a. a later
b. a shallower
c. a deeper
d. a stronger
e. none of the above

A

b. a shallower

63
Q

Doppler signal power is proportional to _______.

a. volume flow rate
b. flow speed
c. the Doppler angle
d. cell concentration
e. more than one of the above

A

d. cell concentration

64
Q

Doppler ultrasound provides information about flow conditions only at the site of measurement. T or F?

A

False

65
Q

Stenosis affects _______.

a. peak systolic flow speed
b. end diastolic flow speed
c. spectral broadening
d. window
e. all of the above

A

e. all of the above

66
Q

Spectral broadening is a _______ of the spectral trace

a. vertical thickening
b. horizontal thickening
c. brightening
d. darkening
e. horizontal shift

A

a. vertical thickening

67
Q

If all the cells in a vessel were moving at the same constant speed, the spectral trace would be a _____ line.

a. thin horizontal
b. thin vertical
c. thick horizontal
d. thick vertical
e. none of the above

A

a. thin horizontal

68
Q

Disturbed flow produces a narrower spectrum. T or F?

A

False

69
Q

Turbulent flow produces a narrow spectrum. T or F?

A

False

70
Q

As stenosis progresses, which of the following increase(s)?

a. lumen diameter
b. systolic Doppler shift
c. diastolic Doppler shift
d. spectral broadening
e. more than one of the above

A

e. more than one of the above (systolic Doppler shift, diastolic Doppler shift, spectral broadening)

71
Q

High flow speed always produces a higher Doppler shift on a spectral display. T or F?

A

False (remember the Doppler angle)

72
Q

Flow reversal in diastole indicates _________.

a. a stenosis
b. an aneurysm
c. high distal resistance
d. low distal resistance
e. more than one of the above

A

c. high distal resistance

73
Q

If angle correction is set at 60 degrees but should be zero degrees, the display indicates a flow speed of 100 cm/s. The correct flow speed is ____ cm/s.

a. 25
b. 50
c. 100
d. 200

A

b. 50

74
Q

If angle correction is set at zero degrees but should be 60 degrees, the display indicates a flow speed of 100 cm/s. The correct flow speed is ____ cm/s.

a. 25
b. 50
c. 100
d. 200

A

d. 200

75
Q

If a 5 kHz Doppler shift corresponds to 100 cm/s, then a 2.5 kHz shift corresponds to ____ cm/s.

a. 100
b. 75
c. 50
d. 25

A

c. 50

76
Q

Which of the following is increased if Doppler angle is increased?

a. aliasing
b. Doppler shift
c. effect of angle error
d. b and c
e. none of the above

A

c. effect of angle error

Kremkau Textbook SPI Review (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions