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chemistry > C1 Atoms, Elements, Compounds > Flashcards

C1 Atoms, Elements, Compounds Flashcards

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AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards
1
Q

what is the smallest particle?

A

atom

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2
Q

what is two or more atoms joined together?

A

molecule

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3
Q

what is a substance made up of only one type

of atom?

A

element

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4
Q

what is two or more different elements

chemically joined together?

A

compound

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5
Q

what is two or more different substances that can be easily separated?

A

mixture

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6
Q

what is the top nmber on the periodic table?

A

Atomic mass number

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7
Q

what is the atomic mass nuber equal to?

A

protons + neutrons

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8
Q

what is the bottom number in the periodic table?

A

Atomic/proton number

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9
Q

what is the Atomic/proton number equal to?

A

protons and electrons

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10
Q

where are metals located on the periodic table?

A

on the middle and left hand side of the periodic table

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11
Q

where are the non metals located on the periodic table?

A

on the right hand side

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12
Q

if you had sandy water, describe how you

would get the sand on its own after filtering

A

Place the wet sand in a warm oven to dry completely.

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13
Q

Explain how you know carbon dioxide (CO2) is a

compound.

A

Carbon dioxide is a compound because it contains
two different types of element that are chemically
bonded together.

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14
Q

what is filtration used to separate?

A

Used to separate insoluble solid from solvent

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15
Q

what is Chromatography used to separate?

A

Used to separate and identify different substances in a solution

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16
Q

what is Simple distillation used to separate?

A

Used to separate a solid from liquid and keep the solvent

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17
Q

what is Fractional distillation used to separate?

A

Separates liquids due to their different boiling points

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18
Q

what is Crystallisation used to separate?

A

Removes a soluble solid from a solvent

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19
Q

Describe how the you could get a sample of pure sodium chloride from the rock salt.

A

1) Add water to the rock salt
2) Stir and warm it so that the salt dissolves
3) Filter the mixture using filter paper to separate the sand and leave the salt water as filtrate
4) Leave the sand in a warm oven to fully dry out
5) Heat the filtrate (salty water) in an evaporating dish using a Bunsen burner
6) Stop heating once crystals begin to form
7) Leave in a warm place until the water fully evaporates leaving salt crystals

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20
Q

what is the relative mass of a proton

A

1

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21
Q

what is the relative mass of a electron

A

Negligible

22
Q

what is the relative mass of a neutron

A

1

23
Q

what is the relative charge of proton

A

1+

24
Q

what is the relative charge of a electron

A

1-

25
Q

what is the relative charge of neutron

A

neutral

26
Q

where is the nucleus in an atom?

A

in the center

27
Q

where is the electrons in an atom?

A

they orbit the atom

28
Q

where is the protons in an atom?

A

in the nucleus at the center

29
Q

where is the neutrons in an atom?

A

in the nucleus (center)

30
Q

what was john daltons model of the atom?

A

1803
Said all matter made from tiny particles called atoms
Said that atoms cannot be divided

31
Q

what was jj thompsons model of the atom?

A

1897
‘Plum pudding model’
Atom is ball of positive charge with electrons embedded
DISCOVERED ELECTRON

32
Q

what was earnest rutherfords model of the atom?

A

1905
Gold foil experiment
Directed a beam of ‘alpha particles’ at a very thin gold leaf suspended in a vacuum.
Most alpha particles went straight through
Some went bounced off at angles
Atom is mostly empty space
Positive charge must be in very small part of atom
DISCOVERED NUCLEUS

33
Q

what was neils bohrs model of the atom?

A

1913
Suggested that the electrons orbited the nucleus in different energy levels or at specific distances from the nucleus
DISCOVERED ELECTRON SHELLS

34
Q

what was james chadwicks model of the atom?

A

1932
Said that nucleus must contain neutral particle to add up to mass
DISCOVERED NEUTRON

35
Q

what are isotopes?

A

Isotopes are forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

36
Q

how do you calculate relative atomic mass of an isotope?

A

(percentage of element x protons/electrons) + (percentage of element x protons/electrons) divided by 100

37
Q

The periodic table states that the Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) of Boron is 11
Boron has two naturally occurring isotopes.
80% of all Boron is B11 (6 neutrons)
20% of all Boron is B10 (5 Neutrons)
Calculate the average relative atomic mass of Boron.

A

(80 x 11) + (20 x 10) divided by 100 = 10.8

38
Q

What charge do alpha particles have?

A

Alpha particles are positive

39
Q

what is happening to the alpha particles in the gold foil experiment?

A

Some alpha particles go straight through. Some are deflected.

40
Q

What does the plum pudding model say?

A

The plum pudding model says that the atom is a sphere of positive charge.

41
Q

What would happen if the plum pudding model were true?

A

All of the alpha particles would go straight through in the gold foil experiment

42
Q

what does the gold foil experiment tell us about atoms?

A

That atoms are mostly empty space with a dense positive centre of the atom (nucleus)

43
Q

how do you draw the electronic structure?

A

1) look at the nuber of protons (bottom number)
2) the first shell can only have 2 electron in its ouer shell, the second can have 8. If the element has more than 2 protons then make a second shell.

44
Q

draw the electronic structure for sodium?

A

2.8.1

45
Q

draw the electronic structure for florine?

A

2.7

46
Q

how can sodium have a full outer shell?

A

by becoming an ion

47
Q

when an electron gets added to an element to have a full outer shell what charge does the ion have?

A

1-

48
Q

when an electron gets removed to an element to have a full outer shell what charge does the ion have?

A

1+

49
Q

Draw the electronic structure and ion of lithium

A

.

50
Q

Draw the electronic structure and ion of magnesium?

A

.

chemistry (11 decks)

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