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phlebotomy > Phlebotomy Certification Exam Terms > Flashcards

Phlebotomy Certification Exam Terms Flashcards

1
Q

A phlebotomist should store blood specimens at the temperature of

A

35.6-46.4 degrees fahrenheit (2-8 degrees Celsius)

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2
Q

Blood Draw Sites in order

A
  1. Median cubital
  2. Cephalic
  3. Dorsal hand (metacarpal)
  4. Basilic
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3
Q

Arterial Blood Gas

A

placed in an ice bath to stop the metabolic activity of the red blood cells for delivery to the laboratory.

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4
Q

Clean-Catch Midstream Collection

A

For urine culture and sensitivity test

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5
Q

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

A

a global, nonprofit, standards-developing organization with representatives from the profession, industry, and government. Uses a widespread agreement process to develop voluntary guidelines and standards for all areas of the laboratory.

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6
Q

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA ‘88)

A

federal regulations administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) whose regulations establish quality standards for all facilities that test human specimens for the purpose of providing information used o diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or assess health status. Ensures the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of patient test results, regardless of the location, type, or size of the laboratory

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7
Q

College of American Pathologists (CAP)

A

an agency that influences quality care through standards for the laboratory and phlebotomy. Membership exclusively for board certified pathologists. Offers proficiency testing and continuous form of laboratory inspection by a team of pathologists and laboratory managers.

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8
Q

Contact Precautions

A

required for infections that spread via direct contact or contact with the environment (Herpes Simplex, Wound Infections, Bacterial Infections, Scabies, C Diff, cutaneous diphtheria) Requires wearing gloves and gowns

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9
Q

Full Disclosure

A

a document that explains any risks that may arise during a procedure, as well as the benefits of the procedure.

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10
Q

Gel Serum Separator

A

additive when collecting a blood specimen for chemistry tests, such as comprehensive or basic metabolic panels.

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11
Q

Gray Top Tube

A

used for collecting a specimen for a lactic acid test

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12
Q

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

A

Only in infants 24-72 hours after birth. Screened for metabolic/genetic defects Lancet Device No deeper than 2 mm. Heel stick (No butterfly needle). Air dry for 3-4 hours.

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13
Q

Intimate Interpersonal Space

A

interactions within 45.7 cm (18 in) of a patient, such as when the technician performs a venipuncture.

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14
Q

Latent Infection

A

the person has periods of remission and relapse (Ex: Herpes, manifests as a recurrent cold sore on the lip)

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15
Q

National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS)

A

A recognized authority on quality clinical laboratory education. Provides accreditation or approval for clinical laboratory education programs. Provides external peer review of programs to determine if they meet certain established educational standards.

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16
Q

Opportunist Infection

A

the person has a weak immune system. Micro-organisms that might not easily cause disease in a person who has fully functional immune system can result in serious infections (Ex: Oral Candidiasis and AIDS)

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17
Q

Providone-iodine

A

contraindicated for potassium tests because it can cause a false elevation of potassium in a specimen

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18
Q

Removing PPE Order

A

first remove the gloves, then the goggles, and then the gown. The mask is the last piece of PPE the technician should remove before or after exiting the patient’s room, depending on the isolation reason.

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19
Q

Transfusion Reaction

A

mislabeling a blood bank specimen

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20
Q

Troponin T Level Range

A

0 - 0.2 ng/mL

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21
Q

Urticaria

A

raised welts; hives.

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22
Q

Acute Infection

A

an infection characterized by symptoms that develop fairly quickly and last a relatively short time

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23
Q

Ammonia

A

immediately chill ammonia specimens following collection to prevent chemical changes that alter test results.

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24
Q

Anticoagulant Additives

A

Sodium Citrate, EDTA, Heparin, Potassium oxalate and Sodium Fluoride

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25
Q

Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)

A

group of tests that measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in an arterial blood sample.
placed in an ice bath to stop the metabolic activity of the red blood cells for delivery to the laboratory.

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26
Q

Bilirubin is what

A

photosensitive: needs to be protected from light; technician should protect the specimen from light by wrapping the specimen in aluminum foil

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27
Q

Blood Alcohol Tests

A

use soap and water to prevent introducing alcohol into the specimen and affecting the test results

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28
Q

Blood Glucose Level Range

A

70 - 126 mg/dL

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29
Q

Chain or Cycle of Infection

A 
Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host
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30
Q

Accession Number

A

Identifies a specimen as long as it remains in the lab

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31
Q

Airborne Precautions

A

required for infections that spread via droplets that are smaller than 5 microns in diameter(Varicella, Tuberculosis, Measles). Needs respiratory protection (mask, N95 respirator)

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32
Q

Blood Smear

A

Use purple top tube (lavender), additive EDTA, Observe microscopically, Gives information about number and shape of blood cells (leukocytes)

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33
Q

Chain of Custody Guidelines

A

apply to drug screenings, forensic studies, blood alcohol tests, and paternity testing

34
Q

Chronic Infection

A

lingering, sometimes forever, symptoms that may not last for long periods of time, can be transmitted to others (Ex: Hep B a type of liver infection)

35
Q

Class A Fire

A

Ordinary combustibles- use an APW or ABC (dry chemical) extinguisher

36
Q

Class B Fire

A

Liquids (grease, gas, paints, oils, etc.)- use an ABC (dry chemical) or CO2 extinguisher

37
Q

Class C Fire

A

Electrical Equipment (wiring, appliances, electronics)- use a CO2, ABC (halon, or dry chemical)

38
Q

Coagulation

A

the process by which a clot forms in the blood

39
Q

Double Bagging

A

the proper procedure for disposing of biohazardous waste. This process limits the risk for cross-contamination.

40
Q

Droplet Precautions

A

required for infections that spread via droplets larger than 5 microns in diameter (Rubella, Meningitis, and other respiratory infections) Requires wearing a mask

41
Q

Edema

A

an accumulation of fluid in one area of the body.

42
Q

EDTA

A

additive when collecting a blood specimen for hematology, such as HbA1c or CBC.

43
Q

Erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

44
Q

Expressed Consent

A

any form of verbal or written consent

45
Q

Green Top Tube

A

Used when collecting a specimen for a potassium test. Used to determine the patient’s sodium level. This tube has heparin as an additive, which aids in determining sodium levels.

46
Q

Health Hazard Colors

A

Blue - health hazard
Yellow - instability
White - a hazard that is not covered by another color
Red - fire

47
Q

Hemolysis

A

caused by shaking a collection tube too vigorously; it can rupture red blood cells

48
Q

Heparin

A

additive which is an anticoagulant that produces a plasma specimen for chromosome analysis.

49
Q

Implied Consent

A

nonverbal behavior indicates agreement. The patient is implying consent by extending her arm to begin the procedure; Emergency situations

50
Q

Informed Consent

A

involves voluntary permission given by a patient to allow treatment or examination by health care providers. The patient then signs an informed consent document for the procedure.

51
Q

Lactic Acid Test

A

should be collected in a gray topped tube; placed on an ice slush

52
Q

Lavender Top Tube

A

used when collecting for an erythrocyte sedimentation rate test.

53
Q

Leukocytes

A

white blood cells

54
Q

Light Blue Top Tube

A

used when collecting a specimen for a coagulation study

55
Q

Light Green Top Tube

A

used when collecting for creatine kinase test.

56
Q

Medical Asepsis

A

the practice designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens as well as break the chain of infection; clean technique

57
Q

Needlestick Injury

A

wash for 15 minutes, contact supervisor, have examination, record injury; initiate PEP within 24 hrs when exposed to blood

58
Q

Orange top tube

A

Stat, thrombin additive.

59
Q

Peak Level for Medication

A

1-2 hr following an oral administration to ensure that medication is not a toxic level

60
Q

Personal Interpersonal Space

A

interactions within 45.7 cm to 1.2 m (18 in to 4 feet) of a patient, such as when the technician explains the venipuncture procedure.

61
Q

Petechiae

A

small red spots; which are microcapillary bleeds that are associated with coagulation abnormalities.

62
Q

Public Interpersonal Space

A

interactions within 3.6 m (12 feet) between a speaker and an audience

63
Q

Red Top Tube

A

Used when collecting for a drug level test.

64
Q

Royal Blue Top Tube

A

used when collecting for a heavy metal test

65
Q

Social Interpersonal Space

A

everyday interactions within 1.2 to 3.6 m (4 to 12 feet) of a patient.

66
Q

Sodium Citrate

A

used to collect a sample for a PT/PTT test

67
Q

Sodium Fluoride

A

an additive used to prevent the breakdown of glucose.

68
Q

Sodium Heparin

A

additive when collecting a blood specimen for chemistry tests, such as ammonia, electrolyte studies, ionized calcium, or ABG.

69
Q

SPS

A

additive when collecting a blood specimen for a blood culture

70
Q

Sputum

A

fluid from the lungs. a thick secretion that is obtained from the lungs and is used for testing. Coughing deeply ensures that a majority of the fluid in the specimen is sputum, rather than saliva.

71
Q

Standard Precautions

A

applies to every patient. PPE when handling body fluids, nonintact skin, or mucous membranes; hand hygiene

72
Q

Surgical Asepsis

A

complete removal of micro-organisms and their spores from the surface of an object

73
Q

The Heart’s SA Node

A

the hearts natural pacemaker

74
Q

The Joint Commission (TJC)

A

an independent, not-for-profit organization charged with, among other things, establishing standards for the operation of hospitals and other health-related facilities and services. Key player in bringing quality assessment review techniques to healthcare. Accredits and certifies more than 21,000 HCO and programs in the US.

75
Q

Thrombin

A

additive that helps accelerate clotting for serum specimens

76
Q

Thrombocytes

A

platelets

77
Q

Total Cholesterol Reference Range

A

140 - 200 mg/dL

78
Q

Trough Level

A

the lowest concentration of medication in the patient’s blood; blood specimen should be collected no more than 15 min prior to administration of next dose

79
Q

Vitamin B6

A

photosensitive; should be transported in an amber/brown biohazard bag to be protected from bright light

80
Q

WBC Reference Range

A

4.4 - 11/mm^3

81
Q

Three Layers of the Heart

A

Epicardium (Outermost layer)
Myocardium
Endocardium (Innermost layer)

phlebotomy (4 decks)

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