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Inglés > Segundo bloque: headaches > Flashcards

Segundo bloque: headaches Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of headache

A

Primary and secondary

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2
Q

Is the most common type of headache

A

Secondary

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3
Q

Main comorbid medical diseases when evaluating a headache

A

HTN, pregnancy, depression, infection and cancer

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4
Q

3 most common headache disorders

A

Migraine, trigeminal cefalgia and tension type

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5
Q

3 main signs of migraine

A

Puounding, incapacitating and nausea (PIN)

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6
Q

Incidence of infrecuent tension type headache

A

Less than once per month

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7
Q

Incidence of frecuent tension type headache

A

1 to 14 days per month

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8
Q

Incidence of chronic tension type headache

A

> 14 days per month

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9
Q

2 main signs of trigeminal cephalgia

A

Short-lived attacs and unilateral pain

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10
Q

Is the most common subtype of trigeminal cephalgia

A

Clusters headache

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11
Q

Tests to Dx a secondary cause of migraine headache

A

Imaging TC/MRI or a lumbar punction

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12
Q

Duration of migraine headache

A

4-72hrs

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13
Q

Pharms used in prophylaxis migraine headache Tx

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

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14
Q

What is the migrain cocktail made of?

A

Dopamine antagonists such as:

  • Metoclopramide
  • Diphenhydramine
  • IV liquids
  • NSAID’s
  • Paracetamol
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15
Q

What is the ergotamine?

A

Pharm that works in conjunction with caffeine to prevent blood vessels from expanding causing headaches

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16
Q

Pharm used to treat migraine in pregnancy

A

Sumatriptan

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17
Q

What is the tensional headache?

A

Pain pressure related to muscular tension around the back of the neck inferiorly to the head. Sometimes related to depression and anxiety

18
Q

5 main Tx for Tensional headache

A
  • NSAID’s/paracetamol
  • Cervical massage
  • Muscular relaxants
  • Anxiolytics and antidepressants
  • Quit caffeine
19
Q

What is the cluster headache?

A

Sudden and acute unilateral ocular pain

20
Q

4 main causes of cluster headache

A
  • Ipsilateral tearing
  • Rhinorrhea
  • Nasal congestion
  • Horner Sx in the 30% of the Px
21
Q

4 main cluster headache Tx

A
  • 100% O2 Inhalation
  • Ca2+ Channel blockers
  • Lithium
  • SC Sumatriptan (reduce 5-HT release)
22
Q

When we’re trying to Dx meningitis, we have to ask for:

A
  • Recent travel
  • Immunosuppresses
  • Recent Qx
  • Head trauma
23
Q

Meningitis etiology

A
  • Bacteria: <1 day
  • Viral: 1-7 days
  • Mycotic: > one week
24
Q

4 sings of bacterial meningitis

A
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Neck rigidity
  • Disease looking
25
Q

4 sings of viral meningitis

A
  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Photophobia
26
Q

2 sings of mycotic/TB meningitis

A
  • Low grade fever
  • Not intentional lossof weight
27
Q

3 main causes of meningitis in lactants

A
  • E coli
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Group B strep. (agalcite and pyogenes)
28
Q

3 main causes of meningitis in pediatric Px (3 moths to 15 years old)

A
  • Pneumonia
  • N. meningitides (meningococcus)
  • H. influenza (no vaccinated kids)
29
Q

3 main causes of meningitis in adults (from 18 to 50 years old)

A
  • S. pneumonia
  • N. memningitides
  • Listeria (immunocompromised)
30
Q

Is a consequence of a lesion of the vascular epithelium of the brain

A

More permeability of the blood-brain-berrier. This may take some WBC and inflamatory mediators to the nervous tissue causing cerebral edema and vasculitis

31
Q

Brudszinski’s sign:

A

Passive flexion of the neck that causes the flexion of the knees

32
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

inability to extend the knees when the hip is flexed

33
Q

What is the Tumbler test?

A

A test to know if the Px has meningitis, if you can see the scabs through the glass of water pressed against the patient’s skin, it means they have meningitis

34
Q

In a lumbar puncture related to a meningitis, what does it mean to find high concentrations of leucocytes and PMN?

A

Bacterial infection

35
Q

In a lumbar puncture related to a meningitis, what does it mean to find high concentrations of Leucocytes/ Lymphocytes and a bit low but abnormal monocytes?

A

Viral infection

36
Q

How’s the glycemia in meningitis?

A

Low

37
Q

3 main Tx in meningitis

A
  • Antibiotics if necessary
    • Ciprofloxacin- Oral or IM
    • Ceftriaxone- Oral or IM
  • Acyclovir in case of HSV
  • Dexamethasone
38
Q

What is the trigeminal neuralgia?

A

A sudden unilateral pain with sensitive loss of CN V, it can involve CN V1, 2 and 3

39
Q

5 symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia

A
  • Facial spasm
  • Neurological examination normal
  • Tear drop
  • Mouth spasm
  • Mastication problems
40
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia Tx

A
  • Carbamazepine
  • Dexamethazone/Predniosne

Inglés (12 decks)

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