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Issues/Professionalism of Nursing (410) > Week 1: History/Imagines of Nursing > Flashcards

Week 1: History/Imagines of Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

A nurse who displays self-less concern for others is exhibiting one of the following?

A. Accountability
B. Altruism
C. Responsibility
D. Autonomy

A

Altruism

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2
Q

In early civilization women were _______________

A

hired by privileged families to care for the sick and to assist with childbirth; Shiphrah and Puah were midwives who saved the baby Moses

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3
Q

___________ carried a staff intertwined with serpents, representing wisdom and immorality

A

Aesclepius

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4
Q

____________→ father of medicine

A

Hippocrates

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5
Q

In early civilization in India public hospitals were staffed by ______

A

males nurses

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6
Q

The first military hospital was in Europe in Rome.

Military hospitals were exclusively ______

A

men who, developed to care for the injured

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7
Q

During the first bubonic plague, the ______ took care of people

A

Catholic church: Nuns, and monks cared for the bulk of sick or orphaned

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8
Q

In the middle age, wives of emperors and other wealthy women could become nurses: mostly midwives. seen as_______

A

Seen as charitable works

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9
Q

_________ were orders during Crusades to be nurses

A

Male Military

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10
Q

The cross used during the _______became a badge and forerunner for the design of many health care emblems and nursing pins.

A

Crusades

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11
Q

During the dark ages of nursing ______

A

Nursing no longer appealed to women of high social status; care of the sick was regulated to common women who wer perceived as no better than prisoners, thieves, alcoholics, and prostitutes
Reformation decreased availability of monks & nuns who cared for sick in middle ages

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12
Q

In the _______Nursing was considered an undesirable job with poor pay, long hours, and strenuous work that was considered menial.

A

renaissance period

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13
Q

Religious nursing orders grew out of great concern for _______

A

social welfare

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14
Q

Sisters of Charity—recruited _______ for nurse training, developed educational programs and cared for abandoned children. For centuries to follow nurse training came from religious orders.

A

young women

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15
Q

In _____ Florence Nightingale attended Kaiserswerth to train as a nurse

A

1851

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16
Q

In 1854 Florence nightingale

A

lead nurses in the Crimean War

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17
Q

________ ended military men being nurses

A

Florence Nightingale

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18
Q

Nightingale required her nurses to be _______

A

white women who is single

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19
Q

___________ was a Black nurse from Jamaica who played a major role in the Crimean War
Was denied the opportunity to join Nightingale’s nursing brigade because she was Black
Opened a lodging house with her own money to care for sick and wounded soldiers
Contributed to control of the cholera epidemic through extensive knowledge in tropical medicine
Honored by the Jamaican government and the British Commonwealth with a medal for saving the lives of countless sick and wounded soldiers

A

Mary Seacole

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20
Q

white women were accepted before

A

black men and black women

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21
Q

______ was the founder of prof nursing. Introduced principles of asepsis and infection control, a system for transcribing physician’s orders, and a system to maintain patient records

A

Florence Nightingale

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22
Q

In the civil war period there were _____ nurses that served in the war

A

2,000

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23
Q

__________ A teacher appointed to organize military hospitals, provide trained nurses, and disperse supplies; she received no official status and no salary for this position
- she was much into mental health

A

Dorothea Dix

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24
Q

_____was a teacher originally, then a social reformer. Age 39 helped in civil war as superintendent of nurses in the army, no formal nurse training available yet. Also founded asylums for the indigent and mentally ill.

A

Dorthea Dix

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25
Q

_______ cared for wounded soldiers and conducted an “underground railroad” to lead slaves to freedom

A

Harriet Tubman

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26
Q

________, known for her abolitionist efforts, as well as her nursing efforts, was an advocate of clean and sanitary conditions so patients could heal

A

Sojourner Truth

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27
Q

_____ although hired in the laundry, worked full time as a nurse on the battlefront with no pay or pension; not considered an official Union Army nurse

A

Susie King Taylor

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28
Q

_______ operated a war relief program; credited with founding the American Red Cross in 1882

A

Clara Barton

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29
Q

Founder of the red cross is

A

Clara Barton

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30
Q

_____ authored detailed account of her experience as a volunteer nurse during the war for a newspaper publication entitled Hospital Sketches

A

Louisa May Alcott

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31
Q

The US firest trained nurse graduate was _____, who graduated in____

A

Linda Richards in 1873

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32
Q

Trained nurses had higher ____

A

social status

33
Q

Linda Richards graduated in

A

1873 in Boston

34
Q

established the first school of nursing for Black women at the Atlanta Baptist Seminary, now known as ______

A

Spelman College

**think Sabrina Spellman was separated from the humans and witches

35
Q

States started to pass legislation requiring “nursing registration” in _____

A

1910 (after WWI)

36
Q

in 1910 ____

A

Required entry level for nursing students was upgraded to high school graduate
NEEDED more education to be a nurse

37
Q

____ was the founder of the lower east side tenements of NYC (helped with basis public health nursing)

A

Lillian Wald

38
Q

___________established the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS) in 1925 in rural Kentucky to assist disadvantaged women and children; documented the impact of nursing services on improving the health of communities; well known for midwifery services

A

Mary Breckinridge

39
Q

In _____, Yale first modern day BSN with 4 years college

A

1920

40
Q

Goldmark report of 1923

A

advocated university education for nurses and argued that public health nursing must include training in basic hospital nursing.

41
Q

The first BSN program was at yale in _____

A

1923

42
Q

______ was the first legislation to assist special populations and provide public health nurses with resources to promote the health and well-being of women, infants, and children. (Combat high infant mortality rates)

A

Sheppard-Towner Act (1921)

43
Q

The Great Depression nurses were forced to

A

join the ranks of the unemployed

44
Q

_______ Act of 1943—first instance of federal funding to support nurse training
Need to help people finically become a nurs

A

Nurse Training

45
Q

What act helped ppl finicially become a nurse?

A

Nurse Training Act of 1943

46
Q

In 1945 _____ helped changed the armed forces nurses corp to allow black nruses

A

Mabel Keaton Staupers

47
Q

During WWII nursing and teaching became

A

the main profession outside the home for women

48
Q

By ______, all states had adopted the State Board Test Pool (NXLEC)

A

1950

49
Q

______provided funding to construct hospitals; created a hospital construction boom that increased the demand for professional nurses

A

Hill-Burton Act in 1960

50
Q

In 1960_____ and ____ acts were made to fund healthcare

A

Medicaid and Medicare

51
Q

_______is a federal program that provides health coverage if you are 65+ or under 65 and have a disability, no matter your income.

A

Medicare

52
Q

______ is a state and federal program that provides health coverage if you have a very low income.

A

Medicaid

53
Q

____ caused Hospital occupancy increased, resulting in an increased need for hospital nurses

A

Medicare

54
Q

In 1960s were nurses poorly paid?

A

yes

55
Q

Women’s liberation movement was in _____

A

1970s

56
Q

Nurse practitioners began to be recognized as viable and cost effective providers of comprehensive health service in _____

A

1970

57
Q

In 1970 due to the nursing movement there were and increasing number of ____ in the nursing field

A

men

58
Q

Nursing in 1950 was a

A

tight job market

59
Q

DIagnosis related gorup sytem (DRG):

A

standardized upfront payment encourages cost containment. Example: c section or appendectomy. Any complication not covered.

Discharge fast = earn a profit
Getting an infection in hospital = lost money

60
Q

In 1980s there was an increasing number of homeless and the ____

A

AIDS pandemic occured

61
Q

In 1980 there was an increased in homeless due to _______

A
  • cutting RN staff and reducing patient’s length of stay
  • cutting psych hospitals
  • drug problem that began in the 70s
62
Q

In the late 1980s enrollment in nursing prgrams _______

A

decreased

63
Q

_______ were implemented to provide prospective payment for hospital services on the basis of the patient’s admitting dx and thereby to reduce the overall cost to Medicare

**hospital wont keep patients there longer than they have to

A

Diagnosis-related group system (DRG)

64
Q

Nursing research needed to be focused on substantive information to guide practice in 1980s. This let to hospitals to STOP _____ to help with budgeting

A

cutting nurses

65
Q

In the 1900s the AIDS epidemic influenced the need for _______

A

infection control
universal precautions
limited exposure to hazardous material

66
Q

__________ radically changed the process for infection control among health care workers in health care institutions across the nation.

  • Recapping needles
  • wearing latex gloves
  • universal precations
A

AIDS epidemic

67
Q

Who is the Alexian brothers?

A 
Male Religious Order
Hospitals in Europe and one in US
Trained religious and secular men as nurses
Men caring for men
Men ran entire hospital
68
Q

________ is the stereotype of untrained, incompetent nurses of early Victorian Era

A

Sairey Gamp

69
Q

Sairey Gamp was an ____

A

alcoholic, inept and cruel nurse who profited from her patients

70
Q

Opposite of __________ = Florence Nightingale: portrayed as a heroine by Henry Longfellow

A

Sairy Gamp

71
Q

________ was a British nurse executed in WW1 by Germans in occupied Belgium

  • she was murdered. Then her death was as used of propaganda to urger men to become soldiers
  • The germans killed her in Belgium
A

Edith Cavell

72
Q

Was a nurse and spy that was killed by the germans

A

Edith Cavell

73
Q

Was the founder of the first nursing school in Belgium and was executed by the germans

A

Edith Cavel

74
Q

In 1938, a tall, white, imposing statue called, the _________ was placed in Arlington National cemetery to honor military nurses

A

Spirit of Nursing

75
Q

Gallup Polls have ranked nurses ______ for having honesty and ethics every year since 1999 except 2001 when fireman were ranked first

A

First!!

76
Q

Who was the first black nurse to graduation from a nursing school?

A

Mary Eliza

77
Q

Again in 2021 _________ showed nurses were at the top of the most trusted list and considered the most honest (20th year in a row).

A

Gallup poll

78
Q

Gallup Polls have ranked nurses first for having honesty and ethics every year since 1999 except __________when fireman were ranked first

A

2001

Issues/Professionalism of Nursing (410) (10 decks)

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