1.1.5

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

A set of instructions for a specific protein. Example: a hormone, an enzyme, hair color pigment.

Question 2

Genome

Answer 2

All the DNA in one organism. The entire set of instructions for building an organism. Every organism has a unique genome.

Question 3

Eukaryote Cells

Answer 3

In humans/plants/animals/fungi, has a cell wall, nucleus and mitochondria. Are organelles, DNA is held in the nucleus.

Question 4

Prokaryote Cells

Answer 4

In bacteria, has a cell wall and nucleoid. Are membrane bound organelles. DNA is held in the nucleoid.

Question 5

Chromosomes in a human

Answer 5

46 and 23 pairs

Question 6

Do red blood cells have DNA?

Answer 6

No, DNA from blood is in the white blood cells.

Question 7

Where can DNA be extracted?

Answer 7

Root of the hair, Bone, Body parts even when in preservatives, Clothes even when washed, Saliva, Blood, Semen and vaginal secretions, Breast milk, Sweat

Question 8

What is the first step of PCR?

Answer 8

Denaturation, complimentary DNA strands are seperated.

Question 9

What is the second step of PCR?

Answer 9

Two annealing primers attach themselves to each end of the target sequence.

Question 10

What is the third step of PCR?

Answer 10

Extension, taq polymerase adds to bases to build new DNA strands.

Question 11

What is PCR?

Answer 11

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 12

What does PCR do?

Answer 12

Make copies of DNA from only a small amount.

Question 13

What materials are needed for PCR?

Answer 13

Deoxyribo nucleotides, heat stable enzyme (taq polymerase), buffer, DNA primer

Question 14

Where is PCR done?

Answer 14

Thermal cycler

Question 15

Restriction Endonucleases

Answer 15

A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts DNA at restriction sites.

Question 16

Recognition Sites

Answer 16

A sequence of DNA were a restriction enzyme cuts.

Question 17

Restriction Enzymes

Answer 17

The process of cutting DNA molecules into smaller pieces.

Question 18

What are the DNA base pairs?

Answer 18

1. Cytosine and Guanine
2. Adenine and Thymine

Question 19

What charge does DNA have and where does it come from?

Answer 19

A negative charge, it comes from deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 20

Nucleotide

Answer 20

Building block of DNA, which consists of a sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

Question 21

What are nitrogenous bases?

Answer 21

ATGC Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 22

What are the base pairs?

Answer 22

Adenine, Thymine
Cytosine, Guanine

Question 23

How is DNA stored in the body?

Answer 23

Cell > Nucleus > Chromosome > Histones > DNA > Gene > Base Pairs

Question 24

PCR does what to DNA?

Answer 24

It doubles it.

Question 25

Where do restriction enzymes come from?

Answer 25

Bacteria that lives in hot springs. The enzyme can withstand boiling temperatures. The bacteria uses this enzyme to withstand bacterial viruses. The enzyme prevents duplication of virus DNA by cutting it into pieces.

Question 26

Blunt Ends

Answer 26

When a piece of DNA is cut by a restriction enzyme and the cut does not leave pieces hanging out.

Question 27

Sticky Ends

Answer 27

When a piece of DNA is cut by a restriction enzyme and the cut has parts hanging off the size, like a puzzle piece.

Question 28

EcoR1

Answer 28

G|AATTC CTTAA|G

Question 29

Haelll

Answer 29

GG|CC CC|GG

Question 30

Hindlll

Answer 30

A|AGCTT TTCGA|A