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Histology > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 layers that forms the capsule binding the testes?

A
  • tunica vaginalis
  • tunica albuginea
  • tunica vasculosa
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2
Q

what is the structure of the tunica vaginalis?

A

flattened layer of mesothelial cells resting on basement membrane

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3
Q

what is the structure of the tunica albuginea?

A
  • thick fibrous capsule
  • collagen fibres
  • some fibroblasts, myocytes and nerve fibres
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4
Q

what is the structure of the tunica vasculosa?

A
  • thin
  • loose connective tissue
  • blood vessels and lymphatics
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5
Q

describe the path of spermatozoa

A
  1. seminiferous tubules (-> straight tubules)
  2. rete testis (-> efferent ducts -> epididymis)
  3. vas deferens
  4. ejaculatory duct (+ secretions from seminal vesicle)
  5. urethra (+ secretions from prostate)
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6
Q

what does the parenchyma contain?

A

~250 lobules each containing 1-4 seminiferous tubules

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7
Q

where are sertoli cells found?

A

seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

what are the types of spermatogonia?

A

Type A:
- AD
- AP
Type B

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9
Q

what are type AD spermatogonia?

A
  • darkly staining
  • stem cell population
  • form further AD and AP cells
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10
Q

what are type AP spermatogonia?

A
  • pale staining

- form type B cells

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11
Q

how do sertoli cells nurture surrounding germ cells?

A

send cytoplasmic projections

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12
Q

what is the shape of nuclei in sertoli cells?

A
  • irregularly shaped
  • folded
  • prominent nucleolus
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13
Q

what are the functions of sertoli cells?

A
  • supportive
  • phagocytic
  • secretory
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14
Q

what are the divisions of spermatozoa?

A
  • head
  • midpiece
  • tail
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15
Q

which part of the spermatozoa contains the nucleus?

A

head

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16
Q

what does the head of spermatozoa contain?

A
  • nucleus

- acrosomal cap

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17
Q

what is the function of the acrosomal cap and where is it found?

A

helps spermatozoon penetrate ovum

- head

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18
Q

what does the midpiece of spermatozoa contain?

A
  • spiral mitochondria (wrapped around axoneme)

- axoneme

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19
Q

what is the function of the axoneme in spermatozoa and where is it found?

A

sperm motbility

- midpiece and tail

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20
Q

what does the tail of spermatozoa contain?

A
  • axoneme

- plasma membrane

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21
Q

what is the function of leydig cells?

A

produce testosterone

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22
Q

describe the histological appearance of leydig cells

A
  • present singly and in clusters in interstitium between tubules
  • abundant cytoplasm containing lipid
23
Q

what are reinke’s crystalloids and where are they found?

A

intracytoplasmic eosinophilic crystalloids

- leydig cells (after puberty)

24
Q

what is the rete testis?

A

anastomosing network of tubules at hilum of testis

25
Q

what is the epithelial lining of the rete tesis?

A
  • simple squamous / low columnar

- cilia at luminal surface

26
Q

what is the function of the rete testis?

A

mixing chamber for contents of seminiferous tubules

27
Q

what does the rete testis discharge into?

A

efferent ducts

28
Q

what is the epithelial lining of the efferent ducts?

A
  • ciliated & non-ciliated simple columnar
  • interspersed cuboidal (basal) cells
  • pseudostratified appearance
29
Q

what are the functions of the epididymis?

A

→ absorption of testicular fluid

→ phagocytosis of degenerate spermatozoa

→ production of secretions rich in glycoproteins, sialic acid and glycerol phosphorylcholine

30
Q

how long is the epididymis?

A

4-5cm

31
Q

what does the epididymis contain?

A

highly convoluted epididymal duct

32
Q

what is the epithelial lining of the epididymis?

A
  • tall columnar

- long atypical cilia (stereocilia - generally non-motile)

33
Q

how long is the vas deferens?

A

30-40cm

34
Q

what is the ampulla?

A

enlargement of the distal part of the vas deferens

- joins excretory duct of seminal vesicle → ejaculatory duct

35
Q

what is the epithelial lining of the vas deferens?

A
  • pseudostratified columnar epithelium

- columnar and basal cells

36
Q

how many layers of smooth muscle does the wall of the vas deferens have?

A

3

37
Q

what is the shape of the prostate gland?

A

pear-shaped

38
Q

what does the prostate gland surround?

A
  • bladder neck

- prostatic urethra

39
Q

what are the lobes of the prostate gland?

A
  • anterior
  • middle
  • posterior
  • 2x lateral
40
Q

what are the regions of the prostate gland?

A
  • peripheral
  • central
  • transitional
  • peri-urethral gland
41
Q

which region of the prostate gland does prostate cancer develop in?

A

peripheral

42
Q

which region of the prostate gland enlarges with age?

A

central

43
Q

what ducts does the prostate gland have?

A
  • large primary

- small secondary

44
Q

where are acini found?

A

prostate gland

45
Q

what is the epithelial lining of the acini in the prostate gland?

A

2 layers:
next to basement membrane - flattened basal
next layer - secretory columnar

46
Q

what is the function of secretory cells in the prostate gland?

A

secrete PSA and PAP into seminal fluid

47
Q

what is PSA?

A

enzymes that helps to liquify semen after ejaculation

  • determines whether tissue is prostate
  • determines if patient has prostate cancer
48
Q

describe the structure of stroma

A
  • smooth muscle
  • fibroelastic fibres
  • blood vessels
  • nerves
49
Q

what are the seminal vesicles?

A

paired highly coiled tubular structures posterolateral to the bladder

50
Q

what is the epithelial lining of the seminal vesicles?

A

tall non-ciliate columnar epithelium

51
Q

what contains 70-80% of the ejaculate?

A

seminal vesicles

52
Q

where is spermatozoa produced?

A

seminiferous tubules

53
Q

what produces the bulk of the seminal fluid?

A
  • prostate
  • seminal vesicles
  • Cowper’s glands

Histology (16 decks)

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