Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Questions i got wrong > I'm stupid part 3 > Flashcards

I'm stupid part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are enteroendocrine cells also known as?

A

G cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define a muscle fasciculus

A

A bundle of several muscle fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the innervation of intrafusal muscle fibres?

A

Gamma motor neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many calories are in a gram of carbohydrates?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many calories are in a gram of protein?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme of the Kreb’s cycle?

A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What stains goblet cells blue?

A

Alcian blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Does foetal haemoglobin have a higher or lower affinity for oxygen?

A

Foetal haemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the actions of 2-3-DPG?

A

Facilitates oxygen release at tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the innervation of the parietal pleura and what is it sensitive to?

A

Intercostal nerves

Pain and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the innervation of the visceral pleura and what is it sensitive to?

A

Vagus

Stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe embryological surfactant production

A

Begins at 34 weeks

Increases dramatically 2 weeks before birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the steps of bone remodelling?

A 
Resting
Activation
Resorption
Reversal
Formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How much glycogen can be stored in skeletal muscle?

A

300g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the innervation of the gag reflex?

A

Afferent - CNIX

Efferent - CNX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the precursor molecule for the production of catecholamines?

A

Tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How long is the PR interval?

A

0.12 - 0.2 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is deontology?

A

Uses rules to distinguish right from wrong

Encompasses kantianism and virtue ethis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Kantianism?

A

Features of the act themselves determine worthiness of the act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Virtue Ethics?

A

Focus is on the kind of person acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

The process of adding new bone on top of what is already there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

The process by which most other tissues grow (growing from the inside and expanding outwards)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which cranial nerve is present in the carotid sinus?

A

CN IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of nebulin and titin?

A

Binds to actin and myosin respectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the differences between the jejunum and the ileum?

A

Jejunum - thick intestinal wall, longer vasa recta, less arcades, red
Ileum - thin intestinal wall, shorter vasa recta, more arcades, pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the first artery to branch off the aorta?

A

Coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the 2 methods of hepatic glucose output?

A

Decreased gluconeogenesis

Decrease glycogenolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

Production of glucose from non-carbohydrate metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is glycogenolysis?

A

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where is the pneumotaxic area located and what is its function?

A 
Upper pons
Enables expiration
Receives stretch receptor information
Inhibits DRG
Can override the apneustic area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where is the apneustic area and what is its function?

A

Lower pons
Activates inspiration and inhibits expiration
Causes deep prolonged breathing by stimulating the DRG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the VRG (ventral respiratory group)?

A

Stimulates expiratory neurones

Stimulates accessory respiratory muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the DRG (dorsal respiratory group)?

A

Stimulates inspiration

Stimulates the diaphragm and intercostals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the consequences of increased skin pH?

A

Corneodesmosome breakdown
Impaired formation of lipid lamellae
Reduced water retention
Easier for allergens to penetrate skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the purpose of a acidic skin pH?

A

Inhibits proteases (stops corneodesmosome breakdown)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Via what vessel is bile recycled to the liver?

A

Hepatic portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What cell secretes pepsinogen?

A

Chief cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What structures make up the conducting zone?

A

Top of the trachea
->
End of terminal bronchiole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What structures make up the respiratory zone?

A

Respiratory zone
->
Alveoli
(where gas exchange occurs)

40
Q

What is the visceral pericardium

a) derived from
b) tissue type
c) epithelium type

A

a) Mesoderm
b) Mesothelium
c) Cuboidal

41
Q

What is mesothelium?

A

Protective membrane that covers the lungs, heart, abdomen and testes
Cuboidal

42
Q

What layer of the skin is 1 cell thick?

A

Stratum basale

43
Q

What shape are purkinje fibres histologically?

A

S shaped

44
Q

What is the major cation in the

a) ECF
b) ICF

A

a) Na+

b) K+

45
Q

What are the laryngeal cartilages made out of?

A

Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, cuneiform - hyaline cartilage

Epiglottis, corniculate - elastic cartilage

46
Q

What is anticipation?

A

Genetic disorders can affect several successive generations earlier and more severely

47
Q

What is expressivity?

A

The degree to which a phenotype is expressed by individuals who have a particular phenotype

48
Q

What is a primer?

A

Short nucleic acid sequence (usually RNA) which provides a starting point for DNA synthesis

49
Q

How many calories are in a gram of alcohol?

A

7Kcal/gram

50
Q

What are the 3 main lung receptors?

A

Stretch
Irritant
Juxtapulmonary

51
Q

From which embryological layer is the urogenital sinus dervied?

A

Mesoderm

52
Q

From which embryological layer is the muscular wall of the bowel derived?

A

Mesoderm

53
Q

Describe Meyer’s loop

A

In the temporal lobe
Projects upper visual field
Inferior optic radiation

54
Q

Describe Baum’s loop

A

In the parietal lobe
Projects the lower visual field
Superior optic radiation

55
Q

How are amino acids absorbed?

A

Facilitated diffusion using sodium ions

56
Q

What are the 2 histological units of the liver?

A
  1. LOBULE
    - hexagon
    - central vein in middle and portal triad at corners
  2. ACINAR
    - 4 corners: 2 hepatic venules and 2 portal triads
    - diamond shaped
57
Q

What is the innervation of the epiglottis?

A

Superior laryngeal

58
Q

What is the name of the fibrous covering of the liver?

A

Glisson’s capsule

59
Q

What causes macular sparring?

A

Occlusion of the PCA and MCA

60
Q

What is the action of gluteus maximus?

A

External (lateral) rotation

Thigh extension

61
Q

What is the action of gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Abduction

Medial rotation

62
Q

Where does ketogenesis occur?

A

Hepatocytes

63
Q

What are the substrates of ketogenesis?

A

x2 Acetyl CoA

64
Q

Define heritability

A

The proportion of aetiology that can be ascribed to genetic factors

65
Q

Define haematocrit

A

Percentage of RBCs in the cellular component of blood

66
Q

Give some examples of macrophages

A

Kupffer cells
Alveolar macrophages
Osteoclasts
Microglia

67
Q

What is the epithelium lining the nasal sinuses?

A

Respiratory epithelium

68
Q

Where do gastric contractions begin?

A

Gastric body

69
Q

How frequently does the large intestine contract?

A

Every 30 minutes

70
Q

How long does ingested food stay in the large intestine before its excreted?

A

18-24 hours

71
Q

How many litres of water pass through the GI tract every day?

A

9l

72
Q

State 4 features of the BBB

A

Tight junctions
No fenestrations
Astrocytes
Pericytes

73
Q

In which part of the brain is the olfactory cortex located?

A

Uncus

74
Q

Which cells secrets osteoprotegrin?

A

Osteoblasts

75
Q

In which region of the bladder does the start of the urethra lie?

A

Trigone of the bladder

76
Q

What epithelium is found in penile urethra?

A

Proximal - pseudostratified columnar

Distal - non keratinising stratified squamous

77
Q

What muscle abducts the vocal cords?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

78
Q

What is the innervation of the cricothyroid muscle?

A

External branch of superior laryngeal

(all other intrinsic muscles of the larynx are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal

79
Q

What does the epiblast become?

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

80
Q

What % of the body’s water is found in the plasma?

A

7%

81
Q

What artery supplies the AVN?

A

Right coronary artery

82
Q

What anatomical structure separates the upper and lower airways?

A

Larynx

83
Q

What is the action of sartorius?

A

Knee flexion

Lateral rotation

84
Q

What is the function of trabeculae carneae?

A

Increase contractility of the heart

85
Q

What is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

Inferior phrenic

86
Q

What is the brodmanns are for Wernicke’s and Broca’s?

A 
Wernicke's = 22
Broca's = 44 and 45
87
Q

What is the normal epithelium of the oesophagus?

A

Stratified squamous non keratinising

88
Q

Where is renin produced from?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney

89
Q

What is Laplace’s law?

A

P = 2πr

90
Q

Describe type 2 hypersensitivity

A

Due to antigen-antibody complex formation

91
Q

Describe type 3 hypersensitivity

A

Due to immune complex deposition

92
Q

Describe type 4 hypersensitivity

A

Delayed T cell mediated

93
Q

What is the anatomical location of the sinoatrial node?

A

Sulcus terminalis

94
Q

What area in the lower region of the brain is blue and has many serotonergic neurones?

A

Nucleus accumbens

95
Q

From which vertebral levels does the sympathetic chain range from?

A

T1 - L2

96
Q

Describe the loop of Henle

A

Descending - water moves out, ions retained

Ascending - water retained, ions move out

97
Q

Describe the 3 steps of primary platelet plug formation

A

Adhesion of platelets to vWF on collagen
Platelet aggregation
Activation (change in shape)

Questions i got wrong (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions