Microbiology 1 - Hospital acquired infection

Question 1

What is the most common disease caused by an HAI?

Answer 1

Hospital acquired pneumonia

Followed by Surgical site infections and then UTI

Question 2

What type of bacteria is c. difficile?

Answer 2

Gram pos spore-forming anaerobe

Question 3

Name the toxins produced by c. difficile

Answer 3

Toxins A and B

Question 4

What are the symptoms of C. difficile infection?

Answer 4

Diarrhoea
Colitis (can cause pseudomembranous colitis)

Question 5

Name 2 Antibiotics that are used to treat C. difficile?

Answer 5

Metronidazole

Vancomycin

Question 6

What type of bacteria is vancomycin effective against?

Answer 6

Gram pos

Question 7

What is the pathognemonic endoscope finding for C diff infection?

Answer 7

Columns of inflammatory exudate in colon lining

Question 8

How should C diff infection be managed?

Answer 8

1. Stop antibiotics
2. Fluid + electrolyte resuscitation for patients with diarrhoea
3. ORAL vancomycin/ metronidazole to combat C. diff
   Other options (but are VERY ££££££) are fidaxomicin or bezlotoxumab OR faecal transfer

Question 9

What are the most common causative pathogens in HAP?

Answer 9

S aureus
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas
Haemophilus

Question 10

Which 3 antibiotics can predispose you to C diff infection?

Answer 10

Cephalosporin
Clindamycin
Ciprofloxacin