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BIOTECH APPLICATIONS Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

WHAT ARE THE APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY?

A 
THERAPEUTICS
DIAGNOSTICS 
GM CROPS 
PROCESSED FOOD 
BIOREMEDIATION 
WASTE TREATMENT 
ENERGY PRODUCTION
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2
Q

THE THREE CRITICAL RESEARCH AREAS OF BIOTECH ARE:-

A
  • PROVIDING THE BEST CATALYST IN THE FORM OF AN IMPROVED ORGANISM USUALLY A MICROBE OR PURE ENZYME
  • CREATING OPTIMAL CONDITIONS THROUGH GENETIC ENGINEERING FOR A CATALYST TO ACT
  • DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES TO PURIFY THE PROTEIN OR ORGANIC COMPOUND
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3
Q

WHAT WAS THE REASON OF IMPROVED CROP YIELD DURING THE GREEN REVOLUTION?

A

IT WAS PARTLY DUE TO IMPROVED CROP VARIETIES BUT MAINLY DUE TO THE USAGE OF AGROCHEMICALS WHICH WERE OFTEN EXPENSIVE FOR THE COMMON FARMERS TO PURCHASE
AND PLUS EXTENSIVE USE OF THE CHEMICALS WERE NOT PREFERRED

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4
Q

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF USING GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS?

A
  • CROPS TOLERANT TO ABIOTIC STRESSES
  • REDUCED RELIANCE ON CHEMICAL PESTICIDES
  • HELPED TO REDUCE THE POST HARVEST LOSS
  • INCREASED EFFICIENCY OF MINERAL USAGE BY PLANTS
  • ENHANCED NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF FOOD
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5
Q

GOLDEN RICE IS ENRICHED WITH ——– AND IT HELPS TO CURE ———

A

VITAMIN A; NIGHT BLINDNESS

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6
Q

HOW ARE NORMAL TOMATOES DIFFERENT FROM THE FLAVR SAVR TOMATOES?

A

FLAVR SAVR TOMATOES HAVE INCREASED SHELF LIFE DUE TO WHICH THEY ARE LEFT ON THE VINES FOR A LONGER PERIOD TO RIPE

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7
Q

WHO PRODUCES Bt TOXIN?

A

BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS

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8
Q

WHICH STRAINS ARE GENERALLY AFFECTED BY THE BT TOXIN?

A

LEIPDOPTERANS - TOBACCO BUDWORM, ARMYWORM
COLEOPTERANS - BEETLES
DIPTERANS - FLIES AND MOSQUITOES

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9
Q

B.THURINGIENSIS FORMS PROTEIN CRYSTALS CONTAINING INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN AT ANY STAGE OF THEIR PHASE OF GROWTH. TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE; ONLY AT A PARTICULAR STAGE OF GROWTH

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10
Q

WHY DO THE BACTERIA STAY UNAFFECTED BY THE TOXIN?

A

IT IS BECAUSE THE PROTEIN PRODUCED IS IN THE INACTIVE FORM IN THE BACTERIA

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11
Q

HOW DOES THE TOXIN KILL THE PESTS?

A

THE TOXIN IS ACTIVATED DUE TO THE ALKALINE PH OF THE GUT WHICH SOLUBILISES THE CRYSTALS. THE ACTIVATED TOXIN BINDS TO THE EPITHELIAL CELLS AND CREATE PORES THAT CAUSE SWELLING AND LYSIS AND EVENTUALLY THE DEATH OF THE INSECT

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12
Q

BT TOXINS ARE INSECT SPECIFIC. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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13
Q

THE TOXIN IS CODED BY A GENE NAMED ———-

A

cry GENE

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14
Q

IT PRODUCES A PROTEIN CALLED ——-

A

Cry PROTEIN

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15
Q

cryIAc AND cryIIAb ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CONTROL OF

A

COTTON BOLLWORMS

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16
Q

cryIAb ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR CONTROLLING

A

CORN BORER

17
Q

RESISTANCE TO THE NEMATODE MELOIDEGYNE INCOGNITA IS INDUCED BY WHICH METHOD?

A

RNA INTERFERENCE
HERE THE SPECIFIC RNA IN THE NEMATODE IS SILENCED BY ITS COMPLEMENTARY DS RNA
THE COMPLEMENTARY DNA COULD BE FROM AN INFECTION BY VIRUSES HAVING RNA GENOMES OR MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS (TRANSPOSONS) THAT REPLICATE VIA AN RNA INTERMEDIATE

18
Q

HOW MANY RECOMBINANT THERAPEUTICS HAVE BEEN APPROVED?

A

30

19
Q

HOW MANY RECOMBINANT THERAPEUTICS ARE PRESENTLY BEING MARKETED?

A

12

20
Q

MATURE INSULIN DOES NOT CONTAIN

A

CHAIN C

21
Q

CHAIN A AND CHAIN B OF INSULIN ARE LINKED TOGETHER BY WHICH BONDS

A

DISULPHIDE BONDS

22
Q

IN WHICH YEAR DID ELI LILY CONSTRUCTED AN ARTIFICIAL DNA?

A

1983

23
Q

IN WHICH YEAR THE FIRST GENE THERAPY WAS GIVEN TO A 4 YEAR OLD GIRL SUFFERING FROM ADA ENZYME DEFICIENCY

A

1990

24
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE METHODS WHICH CAN BE USED TO TREAT ADA ENZYME DEFICIENCY?

A

BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
ENZYME REPLACEMENT THERAPY
GENE THERAPY

25
Q

WHAT IS THE PERMANENT CURE TO THE ADA ENZYME DEFICIENCY DISEASE?

A

GENE THERAPY
WHEREIN THE LYMPHOCYTES ARE TAKEN OUT OF THE BLOOD. A FUNCTIONAL ADA cDNA USING A RETROVIRAL VECTOR IS THEN INTRODUCED INTO THE CELLS. THEN THESE CELLS ARE RETURNED TO THE BLOOD OF THE PATIENT.

26
Q

HOW CAN GENE THERAPY BE A PERMANENT CURE?

A

WHEN THE CELLS OF BONE MARROW ARE TAKEN AND FUNCTIONAL ADA cDNA ARE INTRODUED INTO IT DURING THE EARLY EMBRYONIC STAGE WHEN ORGANOGENESIS HASN’T STARTED YET

27
Q

FOR LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF A PATHOGEN WHICH METHOD IS USEFUL?

A

PCR

28
Q

WHICH METHOD IS BASED ON THE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION?

A

ELISA

29
Q

WHAT ARE TRANSGENIC ANIMALS?

A

THE ANIMALS WHO HAVE HAD THEIR DNA MANIPULATED TO PROCESS AND EXPRESS AN EXTRA (FOREIGN) GENE ARE KNOWN AS TRANSGENIC ANIMALS

30
Q

WHAT ARE THE TRANSGENIC ANIMALS ARE USED FOR

A
  • NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT
  • STUDY OF DISEASE
  • BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS
  • VACCINE SAFETY
  • CHEMICAL SAFETY AND TESTING
31
Q

WHICH INDIAN ORGANISATION LOOKS AFTER VALIDITY OF THE GM RESEARCH AND THE SAFETY OF INTRODUCING GM ORGANISMS FOR PUBLIC SERVICES?

A

GEAC - GENETIC ENGINEERING APPROVAL COMMITTEE

32
Q

VARITIES OF RICE IN INDIA ———– AND ———- DOCUMENTED VARIETIES OF BASMATI RICE

A

2,00,000 AND 27

33
Q

WHAT IS BIPIRACY?

A

IT IS REFERRED TO AS THE USE OF BIO-RESOURCES BY MNC AND OTHER ORGANISATIONS WITHOUT PROPER AUTHORISATION FROM THE COUNTRIES OR THE PEOPLE CONCERNED WITHOUT COMPENSATORY PAYMENT

34
Q

WHICH AMENDMENT OF THE INDIAN PATENTS BILL WAS CLEARED BY THE INDIAN PARLIAMENT?

A

2ND AMENDMENT

35
Q

TRANSGENIC MODELS ARE USED FOR THE DETECTION OF WHICH TYPES OF DISEASES

A

CANCER, CYSTIC FIBROSIS, RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND ALZEIMER’S

36
Q

WHAT IS USED TO TREAT EMPHYSEMA?

A

ALPHA - 1 - ANTITRYPSIN

37
Q

FIRST TRANSGENIC COW IS ———- AND IT PRODUCED ————- WHICH PROVIDED A MORE BALANCED PRODUCT FOR HUMAN BABIES THAN NATURAL COW MILK

A

ROSIE

ALPHA - LACTALBUMIN

38
Q

ALMOST 95% OF THE TRANSGENIC ANIMALS ARE ——-

A

MICE

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