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chaminade > Age of Exploration - Global Studies 1 > Flashcards

Age of Exploration - Global Studies 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How did first Americans arrive

A

Bering Strait

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2
Q

Beringla

A

Land bridge between Alaska and Asia, exists due to sea level dropping

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3
Q

Amerindians

A

First Americans/nomads

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4
Q

Where were the first American civilizations

A

Mezoamerica (central)

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5
Q

Staple crop of Amerindians

A

Maize (corn)

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6
Q

“Those who grow maize”

A

Maya Civilization

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7
Q

Yucatán Peninsula

A

Maya Civilization

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8
Q

Cacao tree

A

Provide Mayans chocolate (drink), and cocoa beans

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9
Q

Chimampas

A

Long floating plots of farmland built into riverbeds and shallow lakes

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10
Q

Mayan society

A

Kings, Council & Priests, Nobles, Middle class, and Farmers

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11
Q

Itzamma

A

Mayan god, supreme gods, creator of all things

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12
Q

Mayan Religious practices

A

Human sacrifice, Ball court (ceremonial sacrifice of defeated players)

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13
Q

Long Count

A

Mayan lunar calendar that called for the end of the current cycle of 5,200 years in the solar-calendar

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14
Q

Toltecs

A

Ended Mayan civilization

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15
Q

Quetzalcoatl

A

Half-human, half deity in the form of a serpent (Toltec god)

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16
Q

Tenochititlán

A

Aztec Capital, centered around massive pyramids with shrines

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17
Q

Aztec Society

A

Monarchy, chosen by gods. Commoners sells themselves into slavery when I’m debt then purchase freedom. Rigid social classes

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18
Q

Calpullis

A

Large groups of families in Aztec society, paid taxes as one group, maintained their own schools, chinampas

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19
Q

Aztec religion

A

Polytheistic, over 100 deities, human sacrifices

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20
Q

Quatzalcontal

A

Feathered serpent representing creation, virtue, learning, and culture

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21
Q

South America geography

A

Amazon River, southern prairies and steppes, and Andes Mountains in west

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22
Q

Beginning of South American

A

First settlements at caral along supe river
Moche civilizations develops around Chan Chan on the coast of Peru
Chinor kingdom develops around Chan

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23
Q

Pachakuti

A

lead Incas to conquer Chimor and Peru

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24
Q

Tahuantinsuyu

A

“World of the four corners”, Incan empire divided into provinces

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25
Q

Cuzzo

A

Incan Capital, surrounded by Andes

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26
Q

Incan Roads

A

24,800 of roads, Columbia to Chile, suspension bridges of branded fiber

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27
Q

Incan society

A

Mostly farmers, Terrace agriculture, labor regulated by state

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28
Q

Incan culture

A

Focused on war, supplies carried by llamas, polytheistic

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29
Q

Pachamama

A

Inca, “the mother of the earth”

30
Q

quipu

A

Knotted strings to keep records (inca)

31
Q

Portolani

A

detailed maps and charts from mathmaticians

32
Q

caravels

A

ships mobile enough to move against the wind

33
Q

sternpost rudder

A

allowed for better maneuverability of boats

34
Q

Lateen sail

A

square ring boats, had catapults

35
Q

Sultanate of Malacca

A

center of spice trade, Islam spread along with spices

36
Q

Prince Henry the Navigator

A

Portuguese, wanted new trade opportunities, weak Muslim states, and Christianity to spread, opened school for explorers

37
Q

Bartolomeu Dias

A

Portuguese, found Cape of Good Hope

38
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

Portuguese, finds India + Malacca

39
Q

Columbus

A

Spanish, Found Bahammas

40
Q

Pedro Cabral

A

Portuguese, finds Brazil on accident

41
Q

Amerigo Vespucci

A

Portuguese, America named after him, discovers Rio

42
Q

Ponce de Leon

A

Spain, finds Florida (Fountain of Youth)

43
Q

John Cabot

A

English, finds Newfoundland, Canada

44
Q

Samuel Champlain

A

France, Finds Canada + New York

45
Q

Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque

A

conquers Malacca and starts Portuguese spice trade

46
Q

Portuguese successes

A

militarized, light ships

47
Q

Portuguese challanges

A

Muslim harassments, lack population to colonize Asia, costs lots of money, disease

48
Q

Dutch Exploration

A

take Malacca from Portugal, control Cape of Good Hope

49
Q

Boers

A

Dutch settlers

50
Q

Afrikaans

A

Dutch dialect

51
Q

Victoria achievement

A

first to circumnavigate the globe

52
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

Spain controlled West of line, Portugal owned East

53
Q

Magellan’s Voyages

A

reached South America, but lost 1/5 ship in weather, 1/5 turned back, the last 3 went to Australia, died in battle

54
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

overthrows Aztec Empire

55
Q

Conquistadors

A

Spanish conquerors motivated by glory, greed, and religious zeal

56
Q

Franciscan Pizzaro

A

overthrows Incan Empire

57
Q

Peninsulares

A

Top of Latin America society, born in Europe but live in America

58
Q

Creoles

A

2 of Latin America society, American born descendants of Europeans

59
Q

Mestizos

A

3 or Latin American society, offspring of Europeans and Indians

60
Q

Mulatoes

A

4 of Latin American society, offspring of Europeans and Africans

61
Q

‘Indins’

A

5 of Ltin American society, native`

62
Q

Africans

A

6 of Latin American society, brought as slaves to work plantations

63
Q

Latin America Governments

A

difficult due to distance, Viceroys, goals were economic, gold and silver

64
Q

Plan of Encomienda system

A

Spanish settlers protect, care, and Christianize Indians, and Indians work part time for settlers

65
Q

Reality of Encomienda system

A

settlers force long labor, Indians die from disease

66
Q

Jamestown

A

first permanent English settlement

67
Q

Slavery in ancient empires

A

Greeks -> Barbarians, didn’t speak language
Aristotle -> some people are born to be slaves
Romans -> 30% of population, batafongus

68
Q

Slavery in modern times

A

Judeo-Christians -> sinning is cause of slavery

Muslims -> moved into North Africa and made them slaves

69
Q

Triangular Trade

A

(Caribbean to Europe) Sugar + Tobacco along Middle Passage
(Europe to West Africa) Iron, alcohol, gunpowder
(West Africa to Caribbean) Slaves

70
Q

“founder crops” of Old world

A

wheat

chaminade (51 decks)

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