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ACP > mid term 2 500,600,700 > Flashcards

mid term 2 500,600,700 Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of a Kidney

A 
Renal Capsule 
Renal Cortex 
Renal Medulla 
Renal pyramid
Nephron
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2
Q

parts of a Nephron

A
  • Afferent arteriole
    • Renal corpuscle
    • Glomerulus
    • Glomerular capsule
    • Proximal convoluted tubule
    • Nephron Loop
    • Descending/ascending loop (loop of henle)
    • Distal convoluted tubule
    • Collecting duct
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3
Q

Tension VS Hemothorax

Hemothorax
Flat neck veins
Dullness on percussion

A

Tension VS Hemothorax

Tension
Distended neck veins
hyper resonance on percussion
Pulsus paradoxus

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4
Q

Pacemaker sites

A

SA node 60-100
AV node 40-60
Purkinji fibers 20-40

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5
Q

Unstable criteria

A 
Altered LOC or ABC's
Hypotension
Shock
Pulmonary edema
Chest pain
Respiratory distress
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6
Q

Load and Go criteria

A

Altered LOC
comprimised ABC’s

Major trauma
Undiagnosed abdo
Pelvic instability
Bilateral femur fracture

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7
Q

Depolarization

  • Rapid influx of sodium
  • Calcium influx through voltage gated slow Ca2+ channelsb
  • K+ outflow when some K+ channels open
A

Repolarization
Closing of Ca2+ channels
K+ outflow when additional K+ channels open

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8
Q

Procainamide End points

A

Max dose 17mg/kg
Arrythmia supressed
Hypotension
QRS prolongation >50%

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9
Q

H’s and T’s

A 
Hypothermia
Hypoxia
H+
Hypovolemia
Hyper/hypokalemia
Tension pneumo
Toxic
Tamponade
Thrombus coronary
Thrombus pulmonary
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10
Q

Dopamine dosages and effects

A

-2-5mcg/kg/min - mesenteric
5-10 mcg/kg/min – acts primarily on B1
10-20 mcg/kg/min – acts predominantly on A

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11
Q

Describe the treatment for unstable Vs.

Unstable SVT

  • Synchronized cardioversion at 50-100J
  • consider sedation
A

stable SVT

  • Maintain airway
  • O2
  • Cardiac monitor to identify/confirm rhythm
  • Vital Signs
  • Vagal maneuvers
  • Adenosine 6mg RIVP followed by 12mg RIVP
  • Calcium channel blocker
  • beta blocker
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12
Q

Zone of Infarction, Injury, and Ischemia

A

Ischemia – ST depression, T-wave abnormalities
Injury – ST elevation
Infarction – pathological Q-waves

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13
Q

3 tests to Dx tuberculosis

A

Chest x-ray
Blood test
Mantoux test
lymph bi op

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14
Q

Sound during percussion

A

Resonance
Dullness
Hypersonance – tympany

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15
Q 
Respiratory acidosis vs alkalosis 
Acidosis
-Hypoventilation inadequate CO2 retention
-Airway obstruction
-Cardiopulmonary disease
-Over sedation
-Brain stem injury
-pH decreased
-HCO3 increased
-PCO2 increased
A

Alkalosis

  • Pulmonary hyperventilation causing excessive release of CO2
  • Psychoneurosis
  • Hypoxemia
  • Fever
  • pH Increase
  • HCO3 decreased
  • PCO2 decreased
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16
Q

factors that predispose pt to pulmonary

A 
emboli
Travel
Birth control
Smoking
A-fib
sedentary
17
Q

Kidney effects on uncorrected respiratory acidosis

A

Excrete H+ ions

reabsorb bicarb

18
Q

Golden rule calculations

A

(40-X)/5 x 0.04) + 7.4

19
Q

Cells in lungs

A

Type I alveolar cells – epithelial cells alveolar wall O2 diffusion
Type II alveolar cells – secrete surfactant

20
Q

3 mechanisms that cause pulmonary edema

A
  • Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure – HTN
  • Decreased capillary oncotic pressure – infection
  • Increased membrane permeability – infection/immune response/trauma
21
Q

Crackles versus wheezes

A

Crackles – air moving through fluid in lungs

Wheezes – air moving through restricted passageways

22
Q

3 factors that affect O2 affinity for Hb

A 
C.A.D.E.T
CO2
Acid
DPG
Exercise
Temp
23
Q

bicarb buffer

A

H20 + CO2 = H2CO3 = HCO3 + H

24
Q

Right shift on oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve – lower affinity of oxygen to

A 
hemoglobin
CO2
Acid
DPG
Exercise
Temp
25
Q

Right shift on oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve – lower affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin

A 
C.A.D.E.T
CO2
Acid
DPG
Exercise
Temp
26
Q

Right shift on oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve – lower affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin

A 
C.A.D.E.T
CO2
Acid
DPG
Exercise
Temp

ACP (15 decks)

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