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z-chemistry > metals and alloys > Flashcards

metals and alloys Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 physical properties of metals

A

good conductor of heat and electricity
high density
high melting and boiling point

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2
Q

what are the characteristics of pure metals

A

malleable and ductile
atoms are of same size and arranged in neat layers
when force is applied, a layer of atoms can slide over each other easily

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3
Q

what are the characteristics of alloys

A

stronger and harder than a pure metal
atoms are of different sizes from different metals thus disrupts orderly arrangement
when force is applied, a layer of atoms cannot slide pat each other easily

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4
Q

define alloys

A

is a mixture of metals with other elements

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5
Q

why do we use alloys instead of metals

A

stronger and harder
more resistant to corrosion
improve the appearance of metals
lower melting points of metals

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6
Q

what are the 4 types of alloys

A

brass
bronze
steel
stainless steel

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7
Q

brass is made up of…

A

copper and zinc

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8
Q

bronze is made up of…

A

copper and tin

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9
Q

steel is made up of…

A

iron and carbon

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10
Q

stainless steel is made up of…

A

iron, carbon and chromium

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11
Q

brass is used to make…

A

musical instrument

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12
Q

bronze is used to make…

A

coins and sculptures

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13
Q

steel is used to make…

A

construct railways and buildings

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14
Q

stainless steel is used to make…

A

cutlery and surgical instruments

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15
Q

name all the elements in the reactive series

A 
please stop calling me a crappy zebra, i (like) horses cow sheep and goat 
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
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16
Q

which are the elements that use electrolysis for the methods of extraction

A 
P - A
Potassium
Sodium 
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
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17
Q

which of the elements that are used for extraction

A

carbon

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18
Q

which are the elements that use extraction of metals using carbon

A 
Z - S
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
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19
Q

which element is found uncombined

A

Gold

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20
Q

which elements react with acid

A 
P - H
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen
21
Q

which elements do not react with acid

A

C - G
Copper
Silver
Gold

22
Q

which elements react with cold water

A 
P - M 
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
23
Q

which elements do not react with cold water

A 
A - G 
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
24
Q

which elements react with steam

A 
M - G
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
25
Q

which elements are too dangerous to react with steam

A

P - C
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium

26
Q

which elements do not react with steam

A 
C - G 
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
27
Q

what is displacement of metals

A

a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its solution

28
Q

what are the reactants used to extract pure metals from their metal ores using blast furnace

A

limestone
haematite
coke
hot air

29
Q

what are the products when extracting pure metals from their metal ores using blast furnace

A

waste gases
slag
molten _____ (iron etc)

30
Q

what is the function of limestone

A

to remove acidic impurities

31
Q

what are waste gases formed

A

78% of nitrogen

carbon dioxide

32
Q

what are the 4 stages of the process the reactants went through

A
  1. produce carbon dioxide
  2. produce carbon dioxide
  3. reduce haematite to produce molten ____ (iron etc)
  4. remove acidic impurities, silicon dioxide, SiO2 and produce molten slag
33
Q

what is the use of molten slag

A

to pave roads

34
Q

what are the chemical equations of the 4 stages of reactants

A

C + O2 –> CO2
CO2 + C (add more coke) –> 2CO
FeO3 + 3CO (carbon monoxide) –> 2Fe + 3CO2
CaO + SiO2 –> CaSiO3

35
Q

all metals corrode except…

A

iron

36
Q

what are the conditions for rusting to take place

A

water and oxygen

37
Q

when iron rusts, it forms…

A

iron (III) oxide

38
Q

what are the 2 ways to speed up rusting process

A

sodium chloride

acidic substances

39
Q

what are the 3 methods to prevent rusting

A

painting
sacrificial protection
galvanising with zinc

40
Q

explain how painting prevents rusting

A

it coats and provide a protective layer to prevent iron from coming in contact with water and oxygen

41
Q

one disadvantage of painting to prevent rusting

A

the paint may be scratched thus rust will take place under the painted surface

42
Q

explain how sacrificial protection prevent rusting

A

when 2 metals are together, more reactive metal will corrode in places of less reactive metal

43
Q

why do we recycle

A

as metals are in high demand as they are limited resources

44
Q

what are the advantages of recycling

A

conserve earth’s finite natural resources

reduces air pollution compared to extraction as it releases toxic gases to the environment

45
Q

what are the disadvantages of recycling

A

recycling processes releases harmful gases = air pollution

it is costly (transport, sort, separate and clean) very high costs = not worthwhile

46
Q

metal + cold water –>

A

metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas

47
Q

metal + steam –>

A

metal oxide + hydrogen gas

48
Q

why is molten iron formed lower than molten slag in he blast furnace

A

molten iron is denser than molten slag

thus it is found at the bottom

z-chemistry (15 decks)

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