Muslim League and Jinnah Flashcards
Jinnah
Classed as Founding Father of Islam
Followers called him Quaid-e-Azam which means great leader
Born in India- now Pakistan
Father was prosperous Muslim merchant
Jinnah studied at Bombay University and Lincoln’s Inn London
He ran a successful legal practice in Bombay
Jinnah not an orthodox Muslim= wore western clothes, smoked, drank
First wife died young, had a second wife
Led Muslim League because of effectiveness as a lawyer not a dedicated Muslim
Member of INC when he joined the Muslim League 1913
Jinnah served as a bridge for INC and Muslim League- Lucknow Pact
Jinnah and Gandhi relationship
Never fully convinced by Gandhi’s belief on use of civil disobedience
Opposed satyagraha of 1920s and resigned from INC
INC policies began to alienate Muslims
The Khilafat Movement
Muslims regarded Sultan of Turkey as their Caliph (spiritual leader)
Turkey allied with Germany WW1= challenged loyalties of Muslim Indians
Epitomised by Lucknow Pact of 1916
1919 Peace Treaty dismantled Ottoman Empire and removed Sultan from power-
Khilifat Movement therefore created to support Sultan
Movement rejected British rule over India
Muslims supported Satyagraha’s and Gandhi and INC supported Khilifat Movement
Jinnah and Khilifat Movement
Gandhi support for Khilifat Movement led many Muslims leader to support satyagraha’s
Left Jinnah out, therefore opposed Gandhi’s support for Khilifat Movement and claimed causing a divide in Muslim communities
Jinnah appealed for alternative approach to swaraj 1920
Some violence accompanied the second satyagraha and Hindus and Muslims settling old scores
Khilifat collapsed 1924
Concept of Separateness
INC no longer seen as aiding Muslim population
Muslim League less powerful than INC
Two movement in 1920s Tanzeem and Tabligh aimed to strengthen Muslim Communities
Breakdown of relations INC and Muslim League
Jinnah attempted to work with INC
1927 Delhi Conference Jinnah persuaded members to make offer to INC
Proposal offered to end support for separate electorates, in exchange for 1/3 of seats in any future Parliament and creation of one Muslim only province
INC rejected and British also dubious as Muslim League much smaller than INC
Breakdown of relations INC and Muslim League
Jinnah attempted to work with INC
1927 Delhi Conference Jinnah persuaded members to make offer to INC
Proposal offered to end support for separate electorates, in exchange for 1/3 of seats in any future Parliament and creation of one Muslim only province
INC rejected and British also dubious as Muslim League much smaller than INC
Jinnah’s Fourteen Points
1929 Jinnah tried rapprochement again with INC
Offered compromise plan of 14 points
Essence= guarantee of protection of Muslim rights, politically, culturally, socially a=in event of swaraj
Offer rejected
Situation meant parting ways and so Jinnah went to England to follow law
Never again rapprochement of Lucknow Style tried
Separate Muslim states concept began
