Spaces and places Flashcards
spiral of decline
hard to stop loss of jobs, further loss vicious cycle and greater decline
multiplier effect
Snowball effect of economic activity, eg. more jobs means more money to spend in market etc.
structural economic change
the shift of the economic sector from one to another eg, into service sector
major shift in the way market operates, often due to major development
Birmingham before/after economic change
Before - relatively poor agricultural manor, metal working
middle class increase in 1700s
service sector in law and banking
Austin car plant 1906
Dunlop tyre company employed 10,000 in 1917
After - 1950s onwards significant international in-migration
mostly from Caribbean, South Asia and far east
Demographic 50% white compared to 80% in rest of the UK
increased culture in market and religion
Birmingham key players
De Birmingham family, purchased a royal charter in 1166, allowing them to hold a market making the place grow through trade
Matthew Boulton - opened the worlds first factory 1761
moving the area towards industry based
Margaret Thatcher - 1980s prime minister, (tory) conservative goverment, tried to shift sector from decreased industry (deindustrialisation), very unsuccesful made tons of people loose jobs, ruined the economy, spiral of decline
wanted to move manufacturing to cheaper countries
deregulation policy
Jembatan Besi, Jakarta, Indonesia
over 1/4 of Indonesia’s population live in slum settlements
Jembatan population of 4000 people
most homes originally well built, but with rapid demand increase, lots of makeshift housing and stacking of housing = lowered requirements
area suffers from smog, abuse of aquifers means lack of fresh water and therefore area has epidemics of water borne disease also due to lack of services
4USD/ a da, informal employment, unskilled labour
most children must stay and work for household income instead of education and school
The future? Will not disappear anytime soon, but authorities are aiming to help
The Jakarta housing and administrative buildings agency has found 392 community units which are slums to plan for improvement
help of government is necessary for improvement
Middlesbrough, UK
Large town located in East of England, population 390k
average property cost 125k, compared to 310k rest of UK
suffers from relative and comparative poverty
annual salary 28k compared to 35k of the UK
Unemployment at 10%
Life expectancy over a decade lower then the rest of the UK
high rates of teen pregnancy 43/1000
ranked as the 6th most deprived in England and Whales
lack of access to services particularly education
82% of the population classed as white
20% aged 0-5 years old
the future? - looks bleak requires government aid, funding and place making
Lympstone
Population of 6k
English county of Devon, harbour on the estuary of river exe
red breccia cliffs, small valley, small beach
large polish population due to European migration
The Satons established Lympstone having forced out Celtic inhabitants
maintained strong links with the sea, 19th century ship building
fishing and shellfish industry
railway sine 1861 improved connectivity and tourism
work sector service, 1/3 of population classified as being managers, directors or in professional occupations
meteorlogical office movement to Exeter in 2003, provided strong economic sttimulus
Exeter uni employs 3000
Inverness
12000 population, packed city little greenery, open spaces and coast/beaches
74% economically active, crime rates vary some in top 10% of crime whereas others in bottom 20%
51% christian population
lies within Great Glen fault at the NE extremity, settlements established around 6th century
HAUGH + GLEBE between them early recorded settlements, lies near two battle sites
6% of people are not born in Inverness, very low
lots of employment due to size and university
recent investment of 315million pounds into improvement
local TNC investment of 7.8 million in company JOHNSON
Tourism - loch ness
