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Anatomy > Week 4 Autonomics > Flashcards

Week 4 Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

SNS

A

Somatic Nervous System

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2
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Voluntary or subconscious control single neuron pathway
No ganglia involved in pathway
Sensory input from general and special senses, motor output to skeletal muscles
Excites using acetylcholine
Axons are thick and myelinated = fast conduction

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3
Q

Voluntary Nervous System

A

Somatic

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4
Q

Involuntary Nervous System

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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5
Q

ANS

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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6
Q

SNS excites using

A

Acetylcholine

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7
Q

SNS Sensory input

A

From general and special senses, motor output to skeletal muscle

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8
Q

SNS Axons

A

Are thick and myelinated = fast conduction

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9
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Involuntary or unconscious control two neuron pathway
Ganglia involved pathway
Sensory input from general and visceral senses motor output to cardiac, smooth muscle and glands
Can excite or inhibit function using acetylcholine and norepinephrine
Axons are thin, some are myelinated, others are not = slower conduction

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10
Q

ANS sensory input from

A

General and visceral senses motor output to cardiac, smooth muscle and glands

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11
Q

ANS can excite or inhibit function using

A

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

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12
Q

ANS Axons

A

Thin, some myelinated, others are not = slower conduction

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13
Q

ANS pathway

A

Involuntary or unconscious control

Two neuron pathway

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14
Q

Autonomic Plexuses

A

Collections of sympathetic postganglionic axons and parasympathetic axons, as well as some visceral sensory axons.

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15
Q

Sympathetic is from

A

Spinal cord via sympathetic trunk

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16
Q

Parasympathetic is from

A

Cranial and caudal repositories

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17
Q

Do sympathetic and parasympathetic interact?

A

Close to one another, but do not interact or synapse with one another

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18
Q

Cardia Plexus

A

Have to have a sympathetic (for upregulation) and parasympathetic (downregulation)

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19
Q

Right Vagus Nerve

A

X

Parasympathetic

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20
Q

Abdominal Aortic Plexus 3 parts

A

Celiac ganglia and plexus
Superior mesenteric ganglia and plexus
Inferior mesenteric ganglia and plexus

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21
Q

Abdominal Aortic Plexus

A

Each of these have a named ganglia with it.
Called pre-vertebral ganglia
Ganglia drawn as pearls

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22
Q

Cardiac Plexus

A

increased sympathetic activity increases heart rate and blood pressure
increased parasympathetic activity decreases heart rate

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23
Q

Pulmonary Plexus

A

Parasympathetic pathway causes bronchoconstriction and increased secretion from mucous glands of the bronchial tree
sympathetic innervation causes bronchodilation

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24
Q

Esophageal Plexus

A

Parasympathetic axons control the swallowing reflex

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25
Q

Abdominal Aortic Plexus

A

Consists of the celiac plexus, superior mesenteric plexus and inferior mesenteric plexus

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26
Q

Responsible for autonomic control of digestion

A

Abdominal Aortic Plexus

  • Celiac Plexus
  • Superior mesenteric plexus
  • Inferior mesenteric plexus
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27
Q

Hypogastric Plexus

A

Innervates pelvic viscera = autonomic control of urinary and reproductive function

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28
Q

Cardiac increased sympathetic activity

A

Increases heart rate and blood pressure

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29
Q

Cardiac increased parasympathetic activity

A

Decreases heart rate

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30
Q

Pulmonary plexus parasympathetic pathway causes

A

Bronchoconstriction and increased secretion from mucous glands of the bronchial tree

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31
Q

Pulmonary plexus sympathetic innervation causes

A

Bronchodilation

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32
Q

Hypogastric Plexus

A

Innervates pelvic viscera = autonomic control of urinary and reproductive function

33
Q

Two neurotransmitters are used in ANS

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Norepinephrine (NE)

34
Q

ACh

A

Acetylcholine

35
Q

NE

A

Norepinephrine

36
Q

Neurotransmitters are released by

A

The presynaptic cell

37
Q

Neurotransmitters bind to

A

Specific receptors in the postsynaptic cell membrane

38
Q

Neurotransmitter binding has either an

A

Excitatory or an inhibitory effect on the effector, depending on the specific receptor

39
Q

Both preganglionic and postganglionic axons in the parasympathetic division release

A

Acetylcholine and thus are called cholinergic

40
Q

Cholinergic

A

Both preganglionic and postganglionic axons in the parasympathetic division release acetylcholine and are called this

41
Q

Preganglionic axons in sympathetic division release

A

Acetylcholine and thus are cholinergic

42
Q

Most post ganglionic axons of the sympathetic division release

A

Norepinephrine and are called adrenergic

43
Q

Adrenergic

A

Most of the postganglionic axons of the sympathetic division release norepinephrine and are called this

44
Q

Parasympathetic Pathway

A 
CNS
Preganglionic fiber (long pre)
Acetylcholine released
Autonomic ganglion
Postganglionic fiber (short post)
Acetylcholine released
45
Q

Sympathetic Pathway

A 
CNS
Preganglionic fiber (short pre)
Acetylcholine released 
Autonomic ganglion
Postganglionic fiber (long post)
Norepinephrine released at organ
46
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Two neuron system
Pre is long
Post is short
More targeted response, feed and breed

47
Q

Sympathetic

A 
Two neuron system
Pre is short
Post is long
Ach and NE
More global - fight or flight
48
Q

Involuntary nervous system

A

Autonomic

49
Q

Ganglionic autonomic motor neuron

A

Sends nerve impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

50
Q

Visceral sensory neuron

A

Receives sensory information from blood vessels and visceral walls

51
Q

Dual Innervation

A

Many visceral effectors (organs) are innervated by post ganglionic axons from BOTH ANS divisions
Actions of the divisions usually oppose each other
Opposing effects are also achieved by increasing or decreasing activity in one division (one division can up-regulate or down-regulate the other)

52
Q

Visceral Effectors

A

Organs

53
Q

Sympathetic vs parasympathetic division

A

More complex both anatomically and functionally

54
Q

Where are sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies are housed?

A

In the lateral horn of the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord

55
Q

Sympathetic Trunks

A

(right and left)
Immediately anterior to the paired spinal nerves
Each is located immediately lateral to the vertebral column
Looks much like a string of beads
-string composed of bundles of axons
-the beads are the sympathetic trunk ganglia, which house sympathetic ganglionic neuron cell bodies

56
Q

4 Types of Ganglia

A
  1. Cervical
    - superior
    - middle
    - inferior (stellate ganglion)
  2. Thoracic
  3. Lumbar
  4. Sacral
57
Q

3 Regions of Cervical Ganglia

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior - stellate ganglion

58
Q

One sympathetic trunk ganglion is approximately associated

A

With each spinal nerve

In thoracic region, cervical is fused, lumbar has cauda equina

59
Q

White Rami

A

Connecting the spinal nerves to each sympathetic trunk are rami communicantes
Carry preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk
They are associated only with the T1-L2 spinal nerves
Preganglionic axons are myelinated
-white ramus has a whitish appearance
Similar to entrance ramps on a highway - how to get to spinal nerve

60
Q

White rami preganglionic axons are

A

Myelinated
Have a whitish appearance
More lateral and larger

61
Q

Gray Rami

A

Unmyelinated (grayish)
Slower
Connect to all spinal nerves
‘exit ramps’

62
Q

Splanchnic Nerves

A

Refers to viscera
Larger splanchnic nerves have specific names
‘Prevertebral’ because they are immediately anterior to the vertebral column on the anterolateral wall of the abdominal aorta

63
Q

Splanchnic Nerve to focus on

A

Greater thoracic splanchnic nerves

64
Q

Types of Prevertebral Ganglia

A

Differ from sympathetic trunk ganglia
Are single structures, rather than paired
Are anterior to the vertebral column on the anterior surface of the aorta
Located only in the abdominopelvic cavity
Prevertebral ganglia include the celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia

65
Q

3 Types of prevertebral ganglia

A

Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

66
Q

4 Sympathetic Pathways

A
  1. Spinal nerve pathway
  2. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway
  3. The splanchnic nerve pathway
  4. The adrenal medulla pathway
67
Q

Most common pathway in body

A

Spinal nerve pathway

68
Q

Fight or Flight Function of the ANS

A

May involve a single effector or many effectors (organs)
In mass activation, a large number of ganglionic neurons activate many effector organs.
-causes a heightened sense of alertness due to stimulation of the reticular activation system

69
Q

The Parasympathetic Division

A

Also termed the craniosacral division
Primarily concerned with conserving energy and replenishing nutrient stores
Is most active when the body is at rest or digesting a meal
“rest and digest”
Participates along with the sympathetic division in maintaining homeostasis (constant internal environment)

70
Q

The rest and digest division

A

Parasympathetic Division

71
Q

4 Cranial Nerves associated with the parasympathetic division

A

Oculomotor (III)
Facial (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)

72
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

Parasympathetic stimulation for the thoracic and most abdominal organs

73
Q

Oculomotor Nerve

A

CN III
Ciliary ganglion 2
Pupil constriction
Ciliary muscles of lens for accommodation (near vision/reading)

74
Q

Facial Nerve

A 
CN VII
Pterygopalatine ganglion
associated with:
-lacrimal gland
-nasal cavity
-oral cavity
Submandibular ganglion
-submandibular and sublingual glands (saliva production)
75
Q

Glosspharyngeal Nerve

A

CN IX
Otic ganglion
Parotid gland (saliva production)

76
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

CN X
Multiple terminal and intramural ganglia
Heart (decreases rate)
Respiratory organs (decreases respiration)
Bronchial passages (constricts, excites mucous production)
Esophagus (promotes swallowing and peristalsis)
Abdominal viscera (promotes digestion)

77
Q

Trigeminal Nerve

A

CN V
Postsynaptic parasympathetic axons from the three cranial nerves that stay in the head ‘hitch hike’ to their targets on branches of the trigeminal nerve. The parasympathetic ganglia that are associated with each of these three nerves hang off the trigeminal nerve

78
Q

Caudal contribution of parasympathetic

A

Via pelvic splanchnic nerves

  • distal portion of large intestine
  • rectum
  • most reproductive organs
  • urinary bladder (contracts)
  • distal ureters
  • erection
79
Q

Parasympathetic Division is most active during

A

Times when the body must process nutrients and conserve energy

Anatomy (9 decks)

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