Context

Question 1

Science

Answer 1

Theory of evolution
Fear of demolition
Fear of scientific development going against religion
John Hunter - doctor of high status who was well regarded but experimented on grave robbed bodies
-upper class in London are unable to completely isolate themselves from lower class

Question 2

Religion

Answer 2

Juxtaposition within Victorian society religion vs science
Stevenson does not believe in god
Calvinism (religion) frustrated Stevenson because morality requires a perfection which was impossible for people as it contradicted human nature and is hypocritical

Question 3

Psychology

Answer 3

Freud’s structural theory of the mind
Id- primitive and desires
Superego- individual’s moral conscience
Ego- outward version. Balance.

Question 4

Fin de siecle

Answer 4

Social anxiety of fear of unknown due to new century
archetype of “the other/outsider”- due to new century and rising immigrants.
character in gothic lit not bound by morals dictated by society. Unpredictability creates terror in reader

Question 5

Gothic literature

Answer 5

Supernatural- reflection of unknown and feelings of uncertainty about the future
Extreme human emotions - fear in reader, indicates breakdown of rationality
Madness and insanity - madness is tool which writer employs to evoke fear of something readers typically did not understand at the time as mental illnesses had been historically demonised

Question 6

Atavistic traits

Answer 6

People born criminal

Lombroso’s theory of atavism

Question 7

Reputation

Answer 7

People were expected to mats on strong morals and be charitable to maintain good reputation
Homosexuality was illegal
Crime ridden in poorer locations soho