2018 module exam Flashcards
Which of the following is inhibited by Sildenafil and can cause blindness?
A) Guanyl Cyclase
B) PDE
C) tranduction
B) PDE
Which of the following neurodegenerative disorders is characterized by GAA repeats?
A) Friedrech ataxia
B) Parkinson
C) Alzheimer’s
D) Huntington disease
A) Friedrech ataxia
What is the underlying abnormality in AD after mutation?
A) Accumulation of APP
B) Defective processing of APP
C) Incorrect folding of APP
B) Defective processing of APP
66 yr female climbing stairs has fasciculations, muscle wasting, hyperreflexia, positive Hoffman sign & babinski sign, what’s the diagnosis?
A) ALS
B) MG
C) MA
D) DM ployneuropathy
A) ALS
MOA istrafel?
treatment of “off” symptoms
A patient with proximal muscle weakness and muscarinic symptoms is suspected to have Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, what is the target of the auto-Abs in this disease?
A) MuSK
B) AchR
C) VGCC
D) SNARE
C) VGCC
parkinson symptomes treated with a drug and get better in one year
levodopa
Which drug decreases the side effects of levodopa peripherally?
A) Domperidone
B) Carbidopa
A) Domperidone
But both can be counted correct, check with the dr
Which one of the following tests is used in the diagnosis of narcolepsy with high specificity?
A) standard EEG
B) multiple sleep latency test
C) actigraphy
D) frittin level
B) multiple sleep latency test
55-year-old man with acting out his vivid dreams and loss of smell. It occurs early in the morning. The patient is at risk of developing what disease?
A) Alzheimer disease
B) ischemic brain stroke
C) lewy body dementia
D) progressive supranuclear palsy
C) lewy body dementia
23 Y/O male w/ severe headache, photophobia, and neck stiffness. He had non-blanching rash on his trunk. He recently recovered from chicken pox. On examination he was pyrexic at 39°C. What is the most likely causative agent?
A) N. Gonorrhea B) N. Meningitidis C) S. Pneumonia D) L. Monocytogenes E) Varicella zoster virus
E) Varicella zoster virus
A 35 yr old man presented w/ double vision. On examination when looking to the Rt eye he couldn’t adduct his left eye & there was nystagmus in his right eye. Where is the localization of this lesion?
A) MLF
B) medial leminscus
C) superior colliculi
D) parapontinar reticular fromation
A) MLF
Low glucose and high lymphocytes.
A) meningococcal meningitis
B)TB
C) viral encephalitis
(Question is incomplete but if the glucose is normal it can’t be viral, and since
lymphocytes are high not the neutrophils, then it’s TB not bacterial)
A patient presented with nuchal rigidity, headache, & fever. On lumbar puncture, CSF showed markedly increased lymphocytes presumptive of viral meningitis. What is the most common cause of this condition?
A) Adenoviruses
B) Enteroviruses
C) Human papilloma virus
B) Enteroviruses
What’s the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in neonates?
A) Group A streptococcus
B) Neisseria meningitidis
C) Haemophilus influenzae
D) Group B streptococcus
D) Group B streptococcus
A CSF sample from patient with acute meningitis showed many pus cells and gram negative diplococci. What is the most appropriate treatment?
A) Cafotaxime
B) Vancomycin
C) Clarithromycin
A) Cafotaxime
For which of the following bacterial meningitis chemoprophylaxis for close contacts is recommended?
A) N. Meningitidis
B) S. Pneumoniae
C) M. Tuberculosis
D) L. Monocytogenes
A) N. Meningitidis
A 26yrs old male had a RTA. Clinical and radiological examination showed no cerebral contusions, fractures, scalp injuries, and hematoma. He ended up dead a few days later. What post-mortem finding can be the cause of death?
A) Cerebral contusions B) Subarachnoid hemorrhage C) Diffuse axonal injury D) Skull fracture E) Laceration
C) Diffuse axonal injury
A 32 year old man present with psychiatric symptoms and jerking movement in upper limb. His brother died 4 year ago and has same symptoms. What is the pathology under his condition?
Huntingtons
An 80-year-old man with dementia died from myocardial infarction. Upon neuropathological examination, neurofibrillary tangles were found. What protein do these tangles compose of?
A) Amyloid B) Prion C) Tau D) Alpha synuclein E) Huntington
C. Tau
Which of the following brain tumors is graded as WHO grade 1?
A) Pilocytic astrocytoma B) Glioblastoma multiforme C) oligodendroglioma D) ependymoma E) Diffuse astrocytoma
A) Pilocytic astrocytoma
40 year women had a CT done for her head trauma. The CT scan showed a 3cm mass beneath the dura, compressing the underlying brain. Specimen showed elongated cells with pink cytoplasm forming whorls. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) ependymoma B) Astrocytoma C) Oligodendroglioma D) meningioma E) Schwannoma
D) meningioma
Which virus has a tendency to produce hemorrhagic necrosis in the inferior frontal and temporal lobes?
A) HSV
B) RABIES
C) MEASLES
A) HSV
A 7 year-old boy died of delirium 4 weeks after school trip to explore caves, autopsy findings: perivascular lymphocytic infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion. What is the cause?
A) Rabies
B) Measles
C) Poliovirus
D) Parvovirus
A) Rabies
Demyelinating, long standing disease, brown in the white matter. Which stain?
luxol fast blue
Basically they’re asking which stain is good for myelin
A 52 year old man was febrile and had fever and vomiting. He was admitted to the hospital to correct hyponatremia. A few days later, the nurses realized he couldn’t move and was unresponsive, only showed signs of arousal and sleep. What is the diagnosis?
A) severe demyelination in spinal cord
B) symmetrical pontine demyelination
B) symmetrical pontine demyelination
A 24 year old healthy man who went camping in the mountains in the winter, is found dead in his tent by his friends. His tent had multiple empty bottles of beer and a coal burner. Upon postmortem examination, his skin showed a (bright?) velvety reddish discoloration, and a cut section of his brain showed multiple cherry red spots in the white matter. What is the likely cause of death in this person?
A) Acute alcohol intoxication B) Acute carbon monoxide poisoning C) High altitude mediated pulmonary edema D) Cardiac arrest due to hypothermia E) Fat embolisation syndrome
B) Acute carbon monoxide poisoning
which of the following occurs due to a mutation in PEX gene which result in perixisome protein abnormality?
A) familial amyloid neuropathy
B) zelweger syndrome
B) zelweger syndrome
Istradefylline used in the treatment of the off symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. What is the mechanism by which it works?
Act on A2A adenosine receptors
Type of receptor btw preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic?
A) nicotinic receptor
2) muscarinic receptor
3) alph-adrenergic receptor
4) beta-adrenergic receptor
A) nicotinic receptor
What properties make a molecule effectively transported across the BBB?
A) Low lipophilicity, MW < 4000, HB < 8
B) High lipophilicity, MW > 4000, HB > 8
C) High lipophilicity, MW < 4000, HB < 8
D) Low lipophilicity, MW > 4000, HB < 8
C) High lipophilicity, MW < 4000, HB < 8
Which drug inhibits DNA synthesis And is used to treat Cytomegalovirus-
induced cephalitis?
A) ganciclovir
B) ampicillin
C) acyclovir
A) ganciclovir
Which of the following drugs has the longest duration of action in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease?
A) Rivastigmine
B) Galantamine
C) Tacrine
D) Donepezil
D) Donepezil
What is the main side effect for Tacrine?
A) Ototoxicity
B) Hepatotoxicity
C) Nephrotoxicity
D) Cardiovascular toxicity
B) Hepatotoxicity
which anti-epileptic drug induces hepatic enzymes causing many drug-drug interactions?
A) vigabatrin
B) tiagabine
C) phenytoin
D) gabapentin
C) phenytoin
what channel does lidocaine (local anesthetic) work on?
A) Na+
B) K+
C) Cl-
D) Ca2+
A) Na+
What is the mechanism of Midazolam?
GABA-A modulators → enhance GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition
Which anxiolytic-hypnotic drug causes endocrine changes like increasing prolactin and decrease testosterone levels?
A) Ramelteon
B) Zolpidem
C) Zaleplon
A) Ramelteon