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Physics - MCAT > Class Three > Flashcards

Class Three Flashcards

1
Q

closed system

A

environment cannot contribute matter to it

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2
Q

isolated system

A

environment cannot contribute energy or matter

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3
Q

open system

A

environment is free to interact with the system

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4
Q

how can the total energy in a system change

A

if energy is transferred into or out of a system

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5
Q

temperature vs thermal energy

A

temperature = intensive

thermal energy = extensive

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6
Q

what is heat (q)

A

transfer of thermal energy between a system and its environment

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7
Q

what does the zeroth law of thermodynamics state

A

objects A and B = thermal equilibrium

objects B and C = thermal equilibrium

then A and C must be in equilibrium as well

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8
Q

kinetic energy and temperature equation

A
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9
Q

what is kb and when is it used

A

1.38 x 10-23 J/K

used when looking at the relationship with kinetic energy and temperature

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10
Q

three ways heat transfer occurs

A

conduction

convection

radiation

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11
Q

what conducts heat well

A

metals

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12
Q

what is convection

A

heat expanding + becoming less dense than surrounding air → heat rise

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13
Q

what is radiation

A

heat transfer by absorption of energy carried by light waves

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14
Q

as the temperature of materials increase..

A

they expand

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15
Q

first law of thermodynamics

A

total energy of the universe is constant → energy cannot be created or destroyed

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16
Q

equation for first law of thermodynamics

A

difference in E = Q - W

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17
Q

when is work (W) considered positive

A

when work is being done by the system on the environment

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18
Q

what is an isobaric process

A

one that occurs at constant pressure

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19
Q

what is an isochoric process

A

one that maintains a constant volume

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20
Q

is work done in isochoric processes

A

no

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21
Q

when does an isothermal process occur

A

when heat is allowed to pass freely between a system and its environment

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22
Q

in an isobaric process..

A

W = P (change in V)

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23
Q

in an isochoric process..

A

W = 0

change in E = Q

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24
Q

in an isothermal process..

A

change in E = 0

Q = W

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25
Q

what happens in an adiabatic process

A

no heat is transferred between the system and the environment (all energy is transferred as work)

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26
Q

second law of thermodynamics

A

entry of an isolated system either stays the same or increases during thermodynamic processes

27
Q

first law equation for isobaric processes

A

delta E = Q - (P)(delta V)

28
Q

which process has delta E = 0

A

isochoric processes

29
Q

first law equation for isothermal processes

A

Q = W

30
Q

first law for adiabatic processes

A

delta E = - W

31
Q

isothermal vs adiabatic

A

isothermal = temp is constant but heat moves in/out

adiabatic = no heat moves in/out but temp changes

32
Q

what is density

A

mass / volume

33
Q

density of water

A

1 g / cm3

34
Q

what is specific gravity

A

how dense something is compared to water

density of substance / density of water

35
Q

for which phase does the density change with pressure/temperature

A

gas, not liquids or gases

36
Q

density of an ideal gas

A

mP / nRT

37
Q

Fgrav formula for fluids questions

A

Fgrav = pVg

density x volume x gravity

38
Q

pressure for fluids formula

A

P = force / area

39
Q

hydrostatic gauge pressure formula

A

Pgauge = pfluidgD

g = gravity

D = depth of sheet

40
Q

incompressible liquids

A

density is constant (doesn’t increase with depth)

41
Q

what is buoyancy

A

net upward fluid force

42
Q

Archimedes’ Principle

A

the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

43
Q

Archimedes’ Principle formula

A

FBuoy = pfluidVsubg

44
Q

floating object in equilibrium on surface equation

A

wobject = FBuoy

Vsub / V = pobject / pfluid

45
Q

what does it mean if pobject > pfluid

A

then the object will float

and fraction of its volume thats submerged = ratio of its density to fluid’s density

46
Q

Pascal’s law

A

pressure applied to an enclosed fluid will be transmitted without a change in magnitude to every point of the fluid and to the walls of the container

47
Q

slow rate equation

A

f = Av

48
Q

surface tension ____ as temperature increases

A

decreases

49
Q

continuity equation (flow rate)

A

A1v1 = A2v2

50
Q

if a tube narrows.. the flow speed ___

A

increases

51
Q

4 requirements for an ideal fluid

A

fluid is incompressible

there is negligible viscosity

flow is laminar

flow rate is steady

52
Q

the Bernoulli effect

A

pressure is lower where flow speed is greater

53
Q

3 ways forces can be applied to an object

A

tension (stretching)

compression (squeezing)

shear (bending)

54
Q

stress formula

A

force / area

55
Q

tensile/compressive strain formula

A

change in length / original length

56
Q

shear strain formula

A

distance of shear / original length

57
Q

Hooke’s law

A

stress and strain are proportional

58
Q

Young’s modulus

A

constant of proportionality for tensile/compressive stress

59
Q

shear modulus

A

constant of proportionality for shear stress

60
Q

the stronger the intermolecular bonds, the ____ the modulus

A

greater

61
Q

tension/compression formila

A

delta L = F (original length) / EA

62
Q

shear formula

A

X = F (original length) / AG

63
Q

faster flow speed = ____ pressure

A

lower

64
Q

resistivity is ____ proportional to temperature

A

linearly

Physics - MCAT (6 decks)

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