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Social studies Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Family?

A

A group of people living under the same roof. Made up of mother and father who are intimately involved or a single parent, and their child or children, whether by birth or adoption.

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2
Q

What is a Family Tree?

A

A family tree is a diagram used to show the relationships among family members.

Older people are shown at the top and younger people at the bottom.

Persons of the same generation are shown on the same horizontal line.

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3
Q

Familey Structures

A

Extended family

Joint family household

Single parent families

Nuclear family

Reconstituted/Reconstructed family

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4
Q

Types Of Union

A

Legal marriage

Common-law/Consensual union

Visiting relationship

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5
Q

Functions of the Family

A

Providing for financial needs.
Socialization
Procreation
Providing for emotional needs

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6
Q

Factors that assist in preparation for parenthood

A

Education

Employment

Housing which is adequate and comfortable

Emotional maturity

A peaceful and loving relationship

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7
Q

Characteristics of effective parents

A 
Knowledge of Good Nutrtion
Problem Solving Skills
Socialisation Skills
Money Management Skills
Communication Skills
Disciplinary Skills
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8
Q

Forms of marriage

A

Forms of marriage

Polygyny - One man, more than one wife

Polygamy - One man or woman, more than one spouse

Polyandry - One woman, more than one husband

Monogamy - One husband, one wife

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9
Q

The law and the family

A

The law protects families in the following situations:

Law requiring registration and nationality for children

Legal age legislation regarding schooling, consent to sexual relationships, employment, marriage

Protecting against abuse and neglect

Requiring provision for basic needs of children

Allowing the state to take custody of the child if necessary

Provisions for the disabled and other children with special needs

Protecting victims of domestic violence

Legal separation and divorce

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10
Q

Changing roles in the Caribbean family

A

Ways in which roles have changed:

Both parents are not bread winners

Decision making is more equitable

Household duties are no longer the sole duty of the female members

Grandparents are less likely to be involved

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11
Q

Causes of changing roles

A

Increase in women’s rights

Increased educational opportunities for women

Increased number of women in the workplace.

Increased industrialisation

Increased standard of living

The desire for a greater number of material possessions

Increase in leisure time activities

Later retirement age

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12
Q

Effect of changing roles on Caribbean society

A

POSITIVE EFFECTS

Greater level of equality among men and women

Greater self esteem, confidence and independence among women

Children more independent and self-reliant

Families more outgoing and tolerant

Greater help financially with both partners working

NEGATIVE EFFECTS

Latch-key children, left unsupervised for long periods

Less time spent together

Greater reliance on external help

The double burden

Identity crisis

Role conflict

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13
Q

What are social issues and problems?

A

Teenage pregnancy

Street children

Substance abuse

Juvenile delinquency

Sexually transmitted infections

Child abuse

Domestic violence

Trafficking in persons

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14
Q

Social Issues/ Problems

A

Social problems: A term used to describe many conditions in society and undesirable behaviours. These behaviours lead to social disorganization, and therefore create a need for change by deliberate social action on the part of the government or other groups in the society.

Social issues: These are questions which are discussed within a society. No negative connotation is implied.

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15
Q

The effects of social problems

A

Effects on the individual:

affect health

affect work or school

affect relationships with others

Effects on the family:

cause conflict and unhappiness

prevent family from meeting basic needs

Effects on the society:

make society unsettled and unstable

expensive to government

reduces productivity of labour force

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16
Q

Strategies for dealing with social problems

A

Formal and informal education

Individual and community efforts

Passing laws and rules

Spending money on prevention and curative measures

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17
Q

Define the term Culture

A

Culture is all the customs, ideas, behaviors, and beliefs of a society that have been passed on from generation to generation.

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18
Q

Cultural Diversity

A

Much of the cultural diversity in the Caribbean results from:

Our various points of ancestral origin

Influences from the colonial powers

Influence from the mass media

Influences from nearby countries e.g. USA

19
Q

Protecting and developing Caribbean culture

A

Culture is protected by:

Governmental organisations

Non-governmental organisations

Celebrations and cultural events

Exhibitions and archiving

Teaching in schools and groups

20
Q

What is Family Law?

A

Family law refers to the:

introduction of all pieces of legislation relating to
families

regulation of relationships within the family using
these legislations

laws concerning marriage, divorce, custody and
care of children, domestic violence and inheritance

21
Q

Why is Family Law Important?

A

Government passes laws related to the family
because of:

increasing family break-ups

abuse experienced by vulnerable family members

changes in Caribbean culture giving rise to changes
in thinking e.g. in relation to illegitimate children
(born outside of wedlock)

Global movements in the area of human rights
with specific reference to children and women.

22
Q

What is the Divorce Law?

A

What are the grounds for a divorce application? Evidence
that the marriage is broken down beyond repair.

Why will a court grant a divorce to a couple? To protect
the institution of marriage if all avenues of retrieving a
functional marriage have expired.

When can a divorce be granted to a couple? If they have
been separated for at least a year.

What factors need to be considered by a couple that
wants to get divorced? The custody and maintenance of
children and the distribution of property.

23
Q

Role of the Parent

A 
Teaching Values ( honesty, respect, being a role
model)

Help develop positive self esteem ( praise
accomplishments)

Create balance between work and play time

Develop a passion for learning ( provide educational
toys, books, magazines age appropriate)

24
Q

Role of the Child

A

Respect parents and authority charged with their
care ( listen to instructions, show respect etc)

Assist with chores (help with household activities
such as washing, cleaning, care siblings, etc)

Pursue Studies diligently (attempt all
assignments, review work)

Practice Thrift ( care possessions, take lunch to
school
25
Q

Generational Gap

A

This is the various or different view parents have
from their children on a variety of issues such as
clothes, friends, entertainment, music, courtship or
love.

The perspective is often determined by the
generations’ values.

For example, your grandparents believe music does
not require lyrics while you believe the lyrics in a
song makes it more relatable and fun

26
Q

Caribbean Culture

A

Caribbean culture is an amalgam or combined and
modified form of the cultures of all the groups which wake
up the region.

Many cultures have met and produced new elements in
music, food, language and norms.

There is no single Caribbean culture . Customs and
behavior are generally similar due to our heritage in
migration , labor systems and family

27
Q

Factors that lead to Cultural

Diversity

A

History

Geographical Location

Social factors

28
Q

Family and Culture

A

Family patterns are apart of our culture.

The main ethnic groups in the Caribbean formed have affected the pattern of
family and family development.

The Europeans who colonized the Caribbean and enslaved or formed indentured
systems, imposed their culture.

The enslaved Africans brought oral traditions (story telling), music, language, other
traditions and fused it with European cultural practices. For example Jamaican
creole, patios, is a mixture of the English Language and various West African
dialect.

Ethnic culture guides the relationship of family members and how they engage the
society.

Examine the table below and identify two ways ethnic cultures develop the family.

29
Q

Protecting Caribbean Culture

A

It is everyone’s responsibility to practice protecting and
preserving Caribbean culture.

The communities may work to preserve local practices and
family traditions.

Government and regional organizations work to develop and
preserve Caribbean culture through positive legislation,
policy and actions.

Regionally, governments have ministries dedicated to
culture. For example The Regional Task Force on Cultural
Industries-CariCom; Commission for Pan-African Affairs-
Barbados, Ministries of Culture, Tourism Ministry.

The Caribbean has other local organizations where
they plan or support festivals.

The government sponsors carnivals, national
liberties, museums, archives, exhibitions.

Private companies sponsor events, theater,
concerts, shows, exhibitions, recording studios
along with movie or television productions,
botanical gardens, national parks, agricultural
exhibitions, religious schools, clubs and groups.

30
Q

Recognition and Commercialization

A

The Caribbean has other local organizations where they plan or support festivals.

The government sponsors carnivals, national liberties, museums, archives, exhibitions.

Private companies sponsor events, theater, concerts, shows, exhibitions, recording studios along with movie or television productions, botanical gardens, national parks, agricultural exhibitions, religious schools, clubs and groups.

Caribbean culture has had an international impact in many creative and scientific industries.

Although many Caribbean countries are independent, our culture is still influenced by former colonizers

Caribbean culture has been noticed on a global scale through Bob Marley and Jamaican reggae and dancehall music and culture. Jamaica has set a standard for these music genres.

Trinidad’s Carnival has drawn attention to its traditions

Caribbean authors, poets and writers such as Derek Walcott and V.S. Naipaul and have been winners of the Nobel prize for literature in 1992 and 2001.

International exposure has led to the introduction of new ideas and more diversity in our culture.

The mass media have encouraged Caribbean nationals to travel, explore and migrate to other countries where our culture is shared.

Sharing our culture through mass media ( commercials, radio jingles, social media sites) has increased activities and investments in the tourism industry.

International recognition has encouraged investors in other industries such science and technology.

There are a lot aspects of international culture that Caribbean nationals have rejected.

List three of these things

31
Q

What are Institutions?

A

Institutions are stable, valued, recurring patterns of behaviours.

It is usually widely shared beliefs, norms or procedures which satisfy
basic needs.

They serve as structures or mechanisms of social behaviour of a set of
individuals within a given community.

It set guidelines or laws that persons within the society adheres to
Example- Marriage

32
Q

Characteristics of Institutions

A

Has an organized structure

Serves particular needs of society

Endures over time

May have sanctions such as:

Rewards

Punishments

33
Q

Classification of Institutions

A

Economic - banks, credit unions

Educational - basic, primary, secondary

Religious - temples, mosque, schools

Recreational - clubs, teams

Political - MP, PNP

34
Q

How is a group formed?

A

A group has two or more people who interact with one
another.

They share similar characteristics and collectively have a
sense of unity.

Groups are identified through the use of symbols and
emblems which are displayed in areas easy to see such as
uniforms and letterheads.

Member of a group have a common way of acting, common
dress and mannerisms.

35
Q

Social Groups

A

A social group consists of two or more people who

Interact frequently

Share common interests

Share a feeling of unity

Work towards a common goal or objective

Have common expectations of behavior that conform to established
guidelines.

Other groups do not have characteristics that cannot be classified as
social groups. For example, a group gathering at a sports fixture is not
a social group since it does not meet all or any of the above criteria.

36
Q

Informal and Formal Groups

A

Social groups can be classified as formal or informal.
Many of these groups help to socialize children and
young adults.

A group of friends at a church are an example of
informal group while students in a class are an
example of formal group.

37
Q

Types of Groups

A

Primary

Secondary

Voluntary

Peer

38
Q

Types of Groups

A

Primary

It is intimate, durable and small

Members are not strangers to each others regarded as basic to social life and culture

Example: family and peers

Secondary

Unlike primary groups are larger whose relationships are impersonal and goal
oriented.

People in this group interact on a less personal level. Relationships are generally
temporary rather than long lasting

Example: Schools, trade unions

Voluntary

It is an agreement made by a group of persons of their on choice

It is created to organize or accomplish a purpose, common interest or association

Example: Salvation Army and Red Cross

Peer

It can be both a social group or primary group of people with similar interests. They
influence people beliefs and behaviors and this is known as peer pressure.

They usually share common traits such as age, social background, belief

Peer groups contains hierarchies and distinct patterns of behavior.

Example: class, friends

39
Q

Institutions and Social Control

A

Institutions provide a form of social control. This is done through norms, folkways, laws and
mores.

The norms of society are unwritten rules or standards that are generally accepted and that
regulate behavior in any given situation. Norms are passed on from one generation to the next
as part of the process of socialization.

They control behavior by providing guidelines, sanctions and penalties.

Some agents of control include:

Family

Educational institutions

Religious

Political Institutions

Media

40
Q

What are the requirements for Social Cohesion

A

The requirements for group cohesion includes :

Leadership

Control

Co-operation

Authority

Commitment

Loyalty

41
Q

What are the requirements for Social Cohesion?

A

A common goal – meet particular need or achieve a particular goal.

Leadership – a responsible for organization and co-ordinating actions, to give the group direction

Authority- a leader that is elected and power is given in accordance to the need of the group

Control – promote order and maintain stability

Co-operation – all members know their roles and perform their duties to achieve the overall goal of the group

Commitment and Loyalty – the group’s survival is based on members willingness to continue the goals of the group even if the enter another group.

42
Q

Benefits of Belonging to a social group

A

Accept authority

Co-operate with other members

Be tolerant of others’ views and ideas

Deal with people with different personalities

Learn to resolves differences.

43
Q

Interaction in a group

A

Social – communication on various platforms ( phone, media apps ,email)

Competition- debate/ competition is friendly in order to achieve the goals of the group

Conflict – individuals do not agree with policies that require change or change in authority

Co-operation – working together to achieve goals

Compromise – finding a resolution between conflicting opinions, ideas or activities by members of the group

44
Q

Types of Leaders

A

Democratic

a. Communication between members and leader
b. Members participate in decision-making process
c. Leader delegates authority to group members

Authoritarian/ Autocratic

a. One flow of information-leaders to members
b. No feedback from members to leader
c. No delegation of authority

Laissez-faire

Limited direction from leader to the group

Members work at their own pace as long as they meet the
deadline and achieve the goal of the group

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