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PHIL209 > Nietzsche - Complete > Flashcards

Nietzsche - Complete Flashcards

1
Q

What does Nietzsche aim for with regard to affirming life?

A

Down-to-Earth outlook.

Must overcome nihilism.

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2
Q

Expand upon the issues that Nietzsche faces regarding nihilism and down-to-earth life affirmation.

A

As the Spatio-temporal world becomes more tangible, “the beyond” (Platonic ideas, heaven, God etc), is perceived as less real.

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3
Q

According to Nietzsche, how do people maintain their religious outlook when looking for a down-to-earth affirmation of life?

A

Aim to find on Earth the kind of divinities that were formally located outside of space and time.

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4
Q

According to Nietzsche, what issues can arise when trying to find divine qualities on earth?

A

World perceived as Spatio-temporal and composed of accidental events.

Makes difficult to find divinity on Earth, when Earth lacks any divine qualities,

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5
Q

Why does Nietzsche believe that you cannot look to the PAST for “the truth”?

A

The past is gone, and often what they believed is no longer plausible.

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6
Q

Why does Nietzsche believe that you cannot look to the FUTURE for “the truth”?

A

The future is too distant and speculative to be satisfyingly realistic.

Always is DEFERRED to some later date.

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7
Q

Why does Nietzsche believe that you cannot look to the ‘OTHERWORLD’ for “the truth”?

What does this mean for the Christian God?

A

Becoming increasingly implausible, given the more down-to-earth orientation.

Not taken seriously - seems ‘dead’ like the Greek Gods.

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8
Q

According to Nietzsche, where must we look for salvation?

A

The present/now.

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9
Q

What is the issue with fining salvation in the now?

A

Filled with pain, suffering, accidental events, MEANINGLESS, and death.

NIHILISM.

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10
Q

What is Nietzsche’s goal?

A

Reinterpret daily world, give enthusiastic meaning to suffering.

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11
Q

According to Nietzsche, what is the ‘negative’ prescription for a cure to nihilism?

A

Eliminate God and all ‘shadows’ of God.

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12
Q

According to Nietzsche, what are the two positive prescription to cure nihilism?

A
  1. Acknowledge ‘perspective of life’ as fundamental.

2. Adopt life-affirming healthy interpretations of the world.

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13
Q

What are THREE examples of life-affirming healthy interpretations of the world, according to Nietzsche?

A
  1. Will to Power.
  2. Superhuman.
  3. Eternal Recurrence.
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14
Q

What are the ‘shadows’ of God that Nietzsche believes must be annihilated?

A

Reject ALL absolutes.

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15
Q

What are the FIVE absolutes, according to Nietzsche?

A
  1. Perspectives.
  2. Metaphysical Foundations.
  3. Meanings.
  4. Values.
  5. Interpretations.
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16
Q

What outlook is suggested by Nietzsche, in place of nihilism?

A

‘Perspective of life’.

17
Q

What is involved in Nietzsche’s ‘Perspective of Life’? THREE THINGS.

A
  1. We are alive, so embody perspective of life.
  2. Assume X, Y, Z, for life to continue/flourish.
  3. Affirm X, Y, Z, since essential to perspective of life .
18
Q

According to Nietzsche, how do we overcome nihilism and affirm life?

A

OVERCOME traditional morality. ADOPT positive attitude towards suffering.

19
Q

Why does Nietzsche believe that we are inherently conflicted beings?

A

Our two perspectives of life and rationality are always at odds.

20
Q

What two perspectives do we embody, according to Nietzsche?

A
  1. Perspective of LIFE.

2. Perspective of RATIONALITY.

21
Q

Why do we have at least two perspectives, according to Nietzsche?

A

We are LIVING beings and RATIONAL beings.

22
Q

What is Nietzsche’s ‘Will to Power’ about? THREE Examples.

A
  1. Growth.
  2. Development.
  3. Dramatic metamorphosis, etc..
23
Q

Nietzsche’s conception of life positively involves all of the following except:

  • Dionysus.
  • The superhuman.
  • People who live the longest.
  • Amorality.
A

Nietzsche’s conception of life DOES NOT positively involve PEOPLE WHO LIVE THE LONGEST.

24
Q

What is Nietzsche’s critique of ‘The Last Man’?

A

To comfortable; too complacent.

25
Q

Nietzsche’s argument for pain and against utilitarianism. SIX premises.

A
  1. PAIN essential for GROWTH and STRENGTH.
  2. Growth and strength essential for HEALTHY life.
  3. PAIN essential for HEALTHY life.
  4. Less pain, more pleasure = NO growth or strength.
  5. UTILITARIANISM wants less pain, more pleasure.
  6. UTILITARIANISM is UNHEALTHY, life-negating outlook.
26
Q

What does Nietzsche believe conflicts with pursuit of ‘happiness-as-pleasure’ and why?

A

Conflicts with GREATNESS, STRENGTH, EXCELLENCE etc, because they are made through SUFFERING/PAIN.

27
Q

TEN qualities of Nietzsche’s ‘Superhuman’.

A
  1. Amoral (beyond good and evil).
  2. Creative.
  3. Autonomous.
  4. Healthy (embodiment of ‘life itself’).
  5. Withstand Pain.
  6. Strong-willed.
  7. Victorious attitude.
  8. Daredevil.
  9. Rebellious.
  10. Fearless.
28
Q

What are the two different approaches to Nietzsche’s ‘Eternal Recurrence’?

A
  1. TRUE THEORY of reality.

2. HEALTHY INTERPRETATION of reality.

29
Q

What are THREE arguments against Nietzsche’s ‘Eternal Recurrence?

A
  1. Spin three wheels, they will never be in the same place again. - Sequence will never recur.
  2. Even if true, no continuity of consciousness between the recurrences (will not realise/remember my recurrences).
    - No reason to care about recurring.
  3. If life re-occurs and is absolutely identical, there is really only ONE world.
30
Q

What are TWO ways to consider the alternative approach to Eternal Recurrence as a simply healthy interpretation of the world?

A
  1. Individualistically
    - My individual life happening again.
  2. Universalistically
    - Entire world happening again.
31
Q

How d Nietzsche and Schopenhauer rejoin?

A

Schopenhauer: Moral awareness so we identify with all suffering in the world.

Nietzsche: Awareness of world repetition, experiencing all suffering and joy again.

32
Q

What is the key difference between Nietzsche and Schopenhauer?

A

Schopenhauer says NO to affirmation of life.

Nietzsche says YES to affirmation of life.

PHIL209 (8 decks)

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