Development *

Question 1

What does the level of development show?

Answer 1

how economically, socially, culturally or technologically advanced a country is

Question 2

What is the Brandt line?

Answer 2

divided the planet into the rich north (+ australia) and the poor south

its no longer used as it is too simplistic - some countries have become more developed in the south

Question 3

What is an LIC?

Answer 3

Low Income Countries

countries of a GNI per capita of $1,045 or less
eg. Chad, Ethiopia

Question 4

What is the GNI per capita?

Answer 4

Gross National Income per capita

a measure of the total income of a country, divided by the number of people in the country

Question 5

What is an NEE?

Answer 5

Newly Emerging Economy

countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually with rapid industrialisation

Question 6

What is an MIC?

Answer 6

Medium Income Countries

countries with a GNI per capita of more than $1,045 but less than $12,746
eg. Mexico, Iraq

Question 7

What is a HIC?

Answer 7

High Income Countries

countries with a GNI per capita of more than $12,746
eg. Germany, USA

Question 8

What is the HDI?

What does it measure?

Answer 8

Human Development Index

measures average life expectancy, level of education and income for each country
each country is given a score between 1 and 0, the closer to 1, the more developed it is

Question 9

Why is HDI the best measure of development?

Answer 9

It includes economic and social measures of development

Question 10

List 8 measures of development

Answer 10

• access to safe water
• birth rate
• death rate
• GNI per capita
• infant mortality rate
• life expectancy
• literacy rate
• people per doctor

Question 11

What is the DTM?

What does it show?

Answer 11

Demographic Transition Model

shows how population changes over time (and how it will change), which links to levels of development

Question 12

What factors of development does the DTM measure?

Answer 12

birth rate, death rate, and natural increase

Question 13

DTM

Fill the gaps:

• If birth rate is greater than death rate the population will ________
• If death rate is greater than birth rate the population will naturally ________
• The _______ the difference the greater the rate of natural increase
• The rate of natural increase is much higher in __________ countries
• Many HICs are experiencing population _______

Answer 13

• If birth rate is greater than death rate the population will increase
• If death rate is greater than birth rate the population will naturally decrease
• The greater the difference the greater the rate of natural increase
• The rate of natural increase is much higher in developing countries
• Many HICs are experiencing population decline

Question 14

DTM

Fill the gaps :

• LICs have populations typical of stages _ and _ that are growing rapidly with low ____ ____________
• NEEs have populations typical of stage _ where _____ _____ are falling and growth is slower, and people are living ______
• HICs have populations at stages _ and _, with very ____ growing populations or populations in _______

Answer 14

• LICs have populations typical of stages 1 and 2 that are growing rapidly with low life expectancies
• NEEs have populations typical of stage 3 where birth rates are falling and growth is slower, and people are living longer
• HICs have populations at stages 4 and 5, with very slow growing populations or populations in decline

Question 15

Give 1 pro and con of using birth rate as a measure of development

Answer 15

good indicator of social progress
birth rate can be changed by government policies (eg. China’s one child policy)

Question 16

Give 1 pro and con of using death rate as a measure of development

Answer 16

shows how good a countries healthcare system is
very rich countries have many older people so death rates can be higher

Question 17

Give 1 pro and con of using GNI per capita as a measure of development

Answer 17

shows economic development
doesn’t give any information about the standard of living of people

Question 18

Give 1 pro of using HDI as a measure of development

Answer 18

takes into account economic and social measures

Question 19

Give two physical factor that could cause uneven development

Answer 19

hostile or difficult landscape - very hot climate or arid climates make it difficult to grow sufficient food

distribution of natural resources

Question 20

Give an economic factor that could cause uneven development

Answer 20

some countries have high levels of debt - have to pay lots of money in repayments and interest so there is little left over for development projects

Question 21

Give an environmental factor that could cause uneven development

Answer 21

environmental issues like extreme flooding or desertification

Question 22

Give a social factor that could cause uneven development

Answer 22

some countries have problems caused by people, like low levels of education, poor water quality or lack of doctors

Question 23

Give a political factor that could cause uneven development

Answer 23

some countries are at war or have a corrupt government - money doesn’t reach the people who need it the most, cant be spent on things like education or infrastructure

Question 24

Why can natural resources influence the development gap?

Answer 24

some countries have an abundance of raw materials like oil which can be sold and money invested into developing the country

Question 25

What is the development gap?

Answer 25

the difference in levels of development between the richest and poorest countries in the world

Question 26

How can investment reduce the development gap?

Answer 26

large companies locate part of their business in other countries
this helps a country develop as the companies build factories, lay roads and install internet cables

Question 27

How can aid help reduce the development gap?

Answer 27

aid is when one or more countries give money to other countries
the money has to be spent on things that will benefit the population

Question 28

How can using intermediate technology reduce the development gap?

Answer 28

intermediate technology is using equipment and techniques that are suitable for their country of use
many poorer countries don’t have the skills to maintain expensive equipment, so small-scale basic solutions are more appropriate

Question 29

What is fairtrade?

How can fairtrade reduce the development gap?

Answer 29

fairtrade is paying customers a reasonable price for the goods that they produce
fairtrade farmers are given a better chance in life, as they are paid higher wages

Question 30

What is debt relief and how can debt relief reduce the development gap?

Answer 30

many LICs owe money to other countries and often the repayments are so expensive that indebted countries have no money left to spend on development projects
debt relief is when debts are either reorganised to make them more manageable, or reduced

Question 31

What are microfinance loans?

How do they reduce the development gap?

Answer 31

microfinance loans are when money is lent to LICs to help them develop
these are often small loans with reasonable interest rates
they are available to people and businesses who may normally struggle to get credit

Question 32

How can tourism reduce the development gap?

Answer 32

a good way for countries to bring in money
many MICs and LICs benefit from a tropical climate, exotic ecosystems and beautiful landscapes
tourists will spend lots of money, which helps countries develop

Question 33

Case study - tourism in tunisia

Fill the gaps :

• Tunisia is a _____ _____ country bordering the mediterranean and the _____ desert
• It has a ___ _____ and a range of ______ and ______ attractions (like the ancient city of Carthage)

Answer 33

• Tunisia is a North African country bordering the mediterranean and the Sahara desert
• It has a hot climate and a range of cultural and historic attractions (like the ancient city of Carthage)

Question 34

Case study - tourism in tunisia

How has tourism in tunisia reduced the development gap?

Fill the gaps :
* Over __,___ jobs have been created in the tourism sector, boosting _____ and increasing ______ of _____ within the economy
* The development of _____ ______ has benefited a range of local businesses like ____, _________, or ____ and the construction industry
* Has also boosted the ________ sector as demand for food has increased with tourist numbers
* Due to the economic boost from tourism the government has invested more money into ________ and _____ ____
* This investment has resulted in improved ______ rates and ____ __________

Answer 34

• Over 37,000 jobs have been created in the tourism sector, boosting incomes and increasing movement of money within the economy
• The development of coastal resorts has benefited a range of local businesses like taxis, restaurants, or shops and the construction industry
• Has also boosted the agricultural sector as demand for food has increased with tourist numbers
• Due to the economic boost from tourism the government has invested more money into education and health care
• This investment has resulted in improved literacy rates and life expectancy