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My LMSW Cards > 1: Human Growth and Development (1 - Theory) > Flashcards

1: Human Growth and Development (1 - Theory) Flashcards

1
Q

________________ are general explanations that are supported by evidence obtained through the scientific method.

A

social work theories

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2
Q

This may explain human behavior by describing how humans interact with each other or react to certain stimuli.

A

a theory

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3
Q

Why are there numerous theories that are utilized in guiding practice?

A

Because human behavior is complex.

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4
Q

Developing competencies in this domain enhances a person’s mental health, success in work, and ability to achieve in life tasks.

A

social development

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5
Q

This person was interested in how children socialize and how this affects their sense of self.

A

Erik Erikson

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6
Q

This person saw personality as developing throughout the life course and looked at identity crises as the focal point for each stage of human development.

A

Erik Erikson

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7
Q

According to Erik Erikson, there are ____________ distinct stages of social development, with ______ possible outcomes.

A

eight / two

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8
Q

What happen when there is a successful completion of a stage in Erikson’s Psychosocial Development theory?

A

Successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and successful interactions with others.

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9
Q

This stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development is when children begin to learn the ability to trust others based upon the consistency of their cargiver(s).

A

trust vs. mistrust

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10
Q

Trust vs Mistrust (Erikson)

From what ages does this stage take place?

A

from birth to 1 year

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11
Q

What happens when trust develops successfully in trust vs. mistrust (Erikson)?

A

The child gains confidence and security in the world around him or her and is able to feel secure even when threatened.

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12
Q

What happens when there is an unsuccessful completion of trust vs. mistrust (Erikson)?

A

This stage can result in an inability to trust, and therefore a sense of fear about their inconsistent world. It may result in anxiety, heightened insecurities, and feelings of mistrust in the world around them.

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13
Q

This stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development is when children begin to assert their independence by walking away from their mother, picking which toy to play with, and making choices about what they like to wear, to eat, and so on.

A

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

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14
Q

This stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development is when children assert themselves more frequently. They begin to plan activities, make up games, and initiate activities with others.

A

Initiative vs. Guilt

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15
Q

This stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development is when children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments. They initiate projects, see them through to completion, and feel good about what they have achieved.

A

Industry vs. Inferiority

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16
Q

This stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development is when children are becoming more independent, and begin to look at the future in terms of career, relationships, families, housing, and so on.

A

Identity vs. Role Confusion

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17
Q

This stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development is when individuals begin to share themselves more intimately with others and explore relationships leading toward longer term commitments with others outside the family

A

Intimacy vs. Isolation

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18
Q

This stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development is when individuals establish careers, settle down within relationships, begin families, and develop a sense of being a part of the bigger picture.

A

Generativity vs. Stagnation

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19
Q

This stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development is when individuals grow older and become senior citizens. They tend to slow down and explore life as retired people.

A

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

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20
Q

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson)

From what ages does this stage take place?

A

between the ages of 1 and 3

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21
Q

Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)

From what ages does this stage take place?

A

around age 3 and continuing to age 6

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22
Q

Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)

From what ages does this stage take place?

A

frame age 6 to puberty

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23
Q

Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson)

From what ages does this stage take place?

A

during adolescence

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24
Q

Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson)

From what ages does this stage take place?

A

young adulthood

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25
Q

Generativity vs. Stagnation (Erikson)

From what ages does this stage take place?

A

middle adulthood

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26
Q

Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Erikson)

From what ages does this stage take place?

A

older adulthood

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27
Q

What happens when autonomy is accomplished in autonomy vs. shame and doubt (Erikson)?

A

Children become more confident and secure in their own ability to survive in the world.

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28
Q

What happens when initiative develops successfully in initiative vs. guilt (Erikson)?

A

Children develop a sense of initiative, and feel secure in their ability to lead others and make decisions.

29
Q

What happens when industry develops successfully in industry vs. inferiority (Erikson)?

A

Children begin to feel industrious and feel confident in their ability to achieve goals.

30
Q

What happens when identity develops successfully in identity vs. role confusion (Erikson)?

A

Adolescents explore possibilities and being to form their own identities based upon the outcome of their explorations.

31
Q

What happens when intimacy develops successfully in intimacy vs. isolation (Erikson)?

A

Successful completion can lead to comfortable relationships and a sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship.

32
Q

What happens when generativity develops successfully in generativity vs. stagnation (Erikson)?

A

They give back to society through raising children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in community activities and organizations.

33
Q

What happens when ego integrity develops successfully in ego integrity vs. despair (Erikson)?

A

Individuals contemplate accomplishments and are able to develop a sense of integrity if they are satisfied with the progression of their lives.

34
Q

What happens when there is an unsuccessful completion of autonomy vs. shame and doubt (Erikson)?

A

If children are criticized, overly controlled, or not given the opportunity to assert themselves, they being to feel inadequate in their ability to survive, and may then become overly dependent upon others while lacking self-esteem and feeling a sense of shame or doubt in their own abilities.

35
Q

What happens when there is an unsuccessful completion of initiative vs. guilt (Erikson)?

A

If this tendency is squelched, either through criticism or control, children develop a sense of guilt. They may feel like nuisances to others and will therefore remain followers, lacking self-intiaitive.

36
Q

What happens when there is an unsuccessful completion of industry vs. inferiority (Erikson)?

A

If this initiative is not encouraged but instead restricted, children begin to feel inferior, doubting their abilities, and failing to reach their potential.

37
Q

What happens when there is an unsuccessful completion of identity vs. role confusion (Erikson)?

A

This would result in a sense of confusion (“I don’t know what I want to be when I grow up”) about themselves and their role in the world.

38
Q

What happens when there is an unsuccessful completion of intimacy vs. isolation (Erikson)?

A

Avoiding intimacy and fearing commitment and relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression.

39
Q

What happens when there is an unsuccessful completion of generativity vs. stagnation (Erikson)?

A

By failing to achieve these objectives, individuals become stagnant and feel unproductive.

40
Q

What happens when there is an unsuccessful completion of ego integrity vs. despair (Erikson)?

A

If they see their lives as being unproductive and failing to accomplish life goals, they become dissatisfied with life and develop despair, often leading to depression and hopelessness.

41
Q

Delete

A

micro level

42
Q

On what level is social development about the development processes need to benefit people, particularly, but not only, the poor. It also recognizes the way people interact in groups and society, and the norms that facilitate such interaction.

A

macro level

43
Q

What is the true work of childhood?

A

Play is the true work of childhood. During play, children are also learning that they are liked and fun to be around. These experiences give them the self-confidence they need to build loving and supportive relationships all their lives.

44
Q

What is the result when a stage in Erikson’s Psychosocial Development theory is unsuccessful?

A

Failure to successfully complete a stage can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages and, therefore, a more unhealthy personality and sense of self. These stages, however, can be resolved successfully at a later time.

45
Q

What does social development imply?

A

Social development implies a change in social institutions.

46
Q

What are the signs of progress in an inclusive society?

A

Progress toward an inclusive society, for example, implies that individuals treat each other fairly in their daily lives, whether in the family, workplace, or public office.

47
Q

When is social cohesion enhanced?

A

Social cohesion is enhanced when peaceful and safe environments within neighborhoods and communities are created.

48
Q

What is social accountability?

A

Social accountability exists to the extent that individuals’ voices are expressed and heard.

49
Q

What does cognitive development focus on?

A

Cognitive development focuses on development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of brain development.

50
Q

What is cognitive development?

A

It is the emergency of the ability to think and understand.

51
Q

What is the major controversy in cognitive development called?

A

Nature vs. Nuture

52
Q

What is “nature vs. nurture?”

A

The question of whether cognitive development is mainly determined by a client’s innate qualities (“nature”), or by his or her personal experiences (“nurture”).

It is not recognized by most experts that this is a false dichotomy. There is overwhelming evidence from biological and behavioral sciences that, from the earliest points in development, gene activity interacts with events and experiences in the environment.

53
Q

What are the six levels of cognition and what is the definition of each?

A
  1. Knowledge: rote memorization, recognition, or recall of facts
  2. Comprehension: understanding what the facts mean
  3. Application: correct use of the facts, rules, or ideas
  4. Analysis: breaking down information into component parts
  5. Synthesis: combination of facts, ideas, or information to make a new whole
  6. Evaluation: judging or forming an opinion about the information or situation
54
Q

What are the three domains of development?

A
  1. Cognitive: mental skills (knowledge)
  2. Affective: growth in feelings or emotional areas (attitude or self)
  3. Psychomotor: manual or physical skills (skills)
55
Q

Who was best known for his theory of cognitive development?

A

Jean Piaget

56
Q

Whose stages of cognitive development address the acquisition of knowledge and how humans comes to gradually acquire it?

A

Jean Piaget

57
Q

Piaget’s theory hold that children learn through what means?

A

Interaction with the environment and others

58
Q

Other than his work in cognitive development, what other developmental theory did Piaget develop?

A

Moral development – however, Lawrence Kohlberg is best know in this area.

59
Q

Who is best known for the theory of moral development?

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

60
Q

What are the stages of Kohlberg’s Moral Development theory?

A
  1. Sensorimotor
  2. Preoperational
  3. Concrete Operations
  4. Formal Operations
61
Q

What are the characteristics of Kohlberg’s preoperational stage of moral development?

A
62
Q

What are the characteristics of Kohlberg’s concrete operations stage of moral development?

A
63
Q

What are the characteristics of Kohlberg’s formal operations stage of moral development?

A
64
Q

What are the characteristics of Kohlberg’s sensorimotor stage of moral development?

A
  • retains image of objects
  • develops primitive logic in manipulating objects
  • begins intentional actions
  • play is imitative
  • signals meaning – infant invests meaning in event (i.e., babysitter arriving means mother is leaving)
  • symbol meaning (language) begins in last part of stage
65
Q

At what age does Kohlberg’s sensorimotor stage of moral development occur?

A

birth to 2 years

66
Q

At what age does Kohlberg’s preoperational stage of moral development occur?

A

2 - 7 years

67
Q

At what age does Kohlberg’s concrete operations stage of moral development occur?

A

7 - 11 years

68
Q

At what age does Kohlberg’s formal operations stage of moral development occur?

A

11 through maturity

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