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Kol- Community Health > ATI Chapter 3 > Flashcards

ATI Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

3 part of the epidemiology triangle

A

Host
Agent
Environment

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2
Q

The physical, infectious, or chemical factor that causes the disease

A

Agent

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3
Q

The living being that an agent or the environment influences

A

The host

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4
Q

The setting or surroundings that sustains the host

A

environment

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5
Q

Type of agents

A

Chemical(dug toxin), physical (noise, temp), or infectious ( virus bacteria)

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6
Q

Social environment bs physical environment

A

Social: access to health care, high risk working conditions, poverty
Physical: geography, water or food supply, presence of reservoirs or vectors

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7
Q

Incidence vs prevalence

A

Incidence - number of NEW cases in the population at a specific time
Prevalence- number of EXISTING cases in a population at a specific time

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8
Q

Equations for prevelance and incidence

A

cases / population total x 1000 =______ 1000

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9
Q

Crude Mortality rate =

A

Overall death rates

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10
Q

Deaths from a a specific cause =

A

Cause specific rate, case fatality rate

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11
Q

Deaths at a specific time across lifespan =

A

Infant mortality rate or age specific rate

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12
Q

Condition corría when rate of disease exceeds the usual level of condition in a defined population

A

Epidemic

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13
Q

Normal rate of condition occurrence in population

A

Endemic

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14
Q

Condition occurs when an epidemic occurs in multiple countrified or continents

A

Pandemic

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15
Q

of people exposed to a specific agent who develop the disease divided by the total number of people exposed

A

attack rate

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16
Q

what is the communicability of a disease?

A

how easily an organism is able to cause disease

also called virulence

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17
Q

steps in the chain of infection

A 
causative agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
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18
Q

what is vertical transmission of a disease?

A

parent to offspring

–> sperm, placenta, vaginal contact during birth, human milk

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19
Q

what is horizontal transmission of a disease?

A

general person to person interaction (not parent to child)

–> person/ object comes into contact with infected things via contact, air, droplets, food, water, mosquito, snail

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20
Q

Is zika vertical or horizontal transmission?

A

vertical and horizontal!! trick question

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21
Q

modes of transmission: particles transmitted by AIR to susceptible host =

A

airborne

22
Q

precautions: measles

A

aireborne

23
Q

precaution: impetigo

A

contact

24
Q

precaution: chickenpox

A

airborne

25
Q

precaution: enterobiasis (pinworm)

A

contact

26
Q

precaution: tuberculosis

A

airborne

27
Q

precaution: infectious mononucleosis

A

contact

28
Q

precaution: pertussis

A

droplet

29
Q

precaution: STI

A

contact

30
Q

precaution: influenza

A

droplet

31
Q

precaution: SARS

A

droplet

32
Q

precaution: lice, scabies:

A

contact

33
Q

how are cholera, bacillary dystentary, giardia lambilia, typhoid fever spread?

A

water contamination

34
Q

How are these spread:

lyme disease, west nile, rocky mountain spotted fever, malaria

A

vector

35
Q

foodborne infection vs intoxication + exmples

A 
infection = bacteria, virus parasite in food : norovirus, salmonella, hep A, trichinosis, E. coli 
intoxication = toxins produced through bacterial growth, chemical contamination: staph aureus, C dif
36
Q

type of immunity: protection due to immunity of most community members making exposure unlikely

A

herd immunity

37
Q

type of immunity: natural defense mechanisms of the body to resist specific antigens or toxins =

A

natural immunity

38
Q

type of immunity: develops through actual exposure to infectious agents =

A

acquired immunity

39
Q

type of immunity: transfer of antibodies to through placenta or transfusion of immunoglobulins/proteins

A

passive immunity

40
Q

_____ _____ is used to investigate disease patterns based on who/when/where/why/how

A

descriptive epidemiology

41
Q

Evaluating the efficiency of communicable disease management programs falls under which 3 of the public health nurse objectives

A

assurance

42
Q

_______ ______ ______ is the systematic collection and analysis of data regarding infectious diseases

A

communicable disease surveillance

43
Q

re health care goals: see increase in # of people surviving more than ____ years after HIV diagnosis

A

3 years

44
Q

re health care goals: see increase in # of testing for _____ in adults who have TB

A

HIV

45
Q

re health care goals: see increase in # of sexually active persons who use _____

A

condoms

46
Q

re health care goals: see increase in # of people who have been tested for HIV in the past ______

A

year

47
Q

immunization goals:

A
  • increase in adults vaccinated for shingles, pneumonia, flu,
  • increase in vaccination preventable for diseases
48
Q

what role does nurse play in immunizations for the community?

A

education about importance, track # immunizations , up to date on vaccine admin precautions

49
Q

primary prevention re: commubicable

A
  • educate about need for vaccinations
  • counsel people traveling to get vaccines/ foreign diseases
  • education on risk factors or prevention measures like hand hygeine and food handling
50
Q

secondary prevention re: infectious diseases

A
  • provide post exposure prophylaxsis (rabies/ Hep a)
  • quarantine when necessary
  • increase detection through screening
  • refer suspected cases for diagnosis and epidemiological reporting
51
Q

tertiary prevention re: communicable diseases

A
  • decrease complications from disease w/ rehab
  • monitor for compliance include DOT (directly observed therapy)
  • link clients to resources
52
Q

2 goals hoping to increase for TB patients

A
  • increase # people completing medication treatment

- increase # people being tested for HIV who have TB

Kol- Community Health (4 decks)

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