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Chemistry Paper 2 > Organic Reactions > Flashcards

Organic Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What do all organic molecules contain

A

Carbon atoms

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2
Q

What are functional groups

A

Double carbon bonds
Alcohol groups
Carboxylic acid groups
Esters

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3
Q

What is the family of organic compounds with the same functional group called

A

Homologous series

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4
Q

How does the homologous series differ

A

By an extra carbon atom that has 2 hydrogen atoms bonded to it

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5
Q

Combustion of alkenes

A

Test ethene gas with lighted spill
Burn with yellow flame
Release less energy

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6
Q

Addition reactions of alkenes

A

C=C
Double bond
More reactive than alkanes

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7
Q

Alkenes reaction with halogens

A

Test ethene with bromine water

Orange to colourless

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8
Q

Reaction with hydrogen

A

Do not contain maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible in hydrocarbon molecule
Reaction gets rid of double bond
Straightens molecules and increase melting points

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9
Q

Reaction with steam

A

Ethanol = made from ethene gas
ethene + steam <=> ethanol
reversible

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10
Q

The three homologous series

A

Alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters

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11
Q

Alcohols

A

Removing H atom from alkane molecule by replacing it with -OH group
-OH functional group
Formula = C2H6O

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12
Q

Carboxylic acids

A

-COOH functional group

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13
Q

Esters

A

Closely related to carboxylic acids
Replace H atom
-COO- functional group
Structural formula of ethyl ethanoate = CH3COOCH2CH3

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14
Q

Uses of alcohols

A

Fermenting sugars from plant material with yeast
Biofuel
Ethanol can be made with ethene and steam using a catalyst
Non-renewable source
Alcohols dissolve many of same substance as water
Smaller molecules mix well with water = neutral solutions
Dissolve other organic compounds

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15
Q

Combustion with alcohols

A 
Fuels
Flammable
Biofuel in cars
Blue flame
Ethanol + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
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16
Q

Reaction with sodium

A

Produces H2

Gets smaller and smaller as it forms solution of sodium ethoxide in ethanol

17
Q

Oxidation

A

Combustion is one way to oxidise alcohol
Alcohol is oxidised to carboxylic acid when boiled with acidified potassium dichromate solution
Ethanol + oxygen atoms from oxidising agent -> ethanoic acid + water

18
Q

Tests for ethanoic acid

A

1) take pH
2) add potassium carbonate to acid
3) add magnesium ribbon to acid
4) test conductivity using simple circuit of cell, 2 carbon electrodes and bulb
5) collect gas given off from negative electrode with lighted spill

19
Q

Why are carboxylic acids called weak acids

A

CO2 given off slowly when metal carbonate reacts with carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acids = weak acids
Strong acids ionise complete and weak acids dont
Reversible reaction takes place

20
Q

Making esters

A

Carboxylic acid + alcohol ->(acid catalyst)-> ester + water

Chemistry Paper 2 (9 decks)

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