116 Exam 5 Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
what is aphasia?
A
not able to speak
2
Q
what is apraxia
A
loss of purposeful movements
3
Q
you know what the toothbrush is but you brush your hair with it is an example of
A
apraxia
4
Q
loss of sensory ability to recognize objects
A
agnosia
5
Q
you don’t know what the tooth brush is is an example of
A
agnosia
6
Q
what is the treatment of delirium?
A
determination and correction of underlying causes
7
Q
describe mild dementia
A
doesn’t interfere with adls; doesn’t necessarily progress
8
Q
what should the nurse do with a pt with delirium?
A
remain with patient at all times to monitor behavior and provide reorientation and assurance; keep room at low stimulus level
9
Q
what is major dementia?
A
interferes with daily functioning and independence
10
Q
describe stage 1 of alzheimers
A
no apparent symptoms
11
Q
describe stage 3 of alzhimers
A
mild cognitive decline
12
Q
describe stage 2 of alzheimers
A
very mild change
13
Q
describe stage 4 of alzheimers
A
moderate cognitive disorder
14
Q
what often happens in stage 4 of alzheimers?
A
confabulation
15
Q
what is stage 5 of alzhimers?
A
moderately severe cognitive decline
16
Q
what is stage 7 on alzheimers?
A
very severe decline
17
Q
what is stage 6 of alzhimers?
A
severe cognitive decline
18
Q
describe the second stage of alzheimers
A
pt knows they are forgetful but other ppl don’t notice yet; doesn’t interfere with ADLs
19
Q
describe the third stage of alzhimers
A
starts to interfere with work and performance, becomes noticeable to others
20
Q
in what stage may someone get lost driving a car?
A
stage 3: mild cognitive decline
21
Q
describe stage 4?
A
forget major events, socially withdrawn, depressed
22
Q
what occurs is stage 5 of alzhimers (moderately severe)?
A
lose the ability to perform some ADLs, forget addresses, phone numbers, name of family members
23
Q
what occurs in stage 6 of alzheimers?
A
can’t recall spouses name, incontienece, delusions, wandering, aggression
24
Q
if they have a peg tube, what should you do if you let the HOB down?
A
turn it off to prevent aspiration
25
what should you remember with severe decline of alzhimers?
to turn them to avoid pressure ulcers and contractures, oral care, and may have feeding tube
26
what should you assess with an alzheimers pt?
their history
27
when are cholinesterase inhibitors used?
mild to moderate stages
28
what are some examples of cholinesterate inhibitors?
donezepil, rivastigmine, galantamine,
29
what should you remember about rivastigmine?
should be taken with food (can cause weight loss, gi upset, or appetite loss)
30
when giving cholinesterase inhibitors what meds should be avoided?
NSAIDS
31
what should you teach the pt about with a patch?
rotating sites and take old one off
32
when are NMDA antagonist used?
moderate to severe stages
33
what is an example of NMDA antagonist?
memantine
34
you should watch memantine closely in what pts?
renla
35
what is the treatment of cannabis use disorder?
abstienence, family and group therapies, anti-anxiety meds
36
what is the treatment of hallucinogen disorder?
benzos
37
what is treatment of inhalant use disorder
haldol for agitation
38
what is the overdose medicine for opiods?
naloxone and mechanical ventilation
39
what is the treatment of opiod use disorder?
methadone, suboxone, buprenorphine
40
what is the withdrawal treatment of sedative, hypnotic, and antianxiety disorder?
weaning
41
what is the overdose treatment for sedative, hypnotic, and antianxiety meds?
gastric lavage, IV line, possible ET tube
42
what is the treatment for amphetamines?
inpatient likely; valium, antidepressants
43
what is the treatment of tobacco use disorder?
behavioral therapy, hypnosis, replacement therapy, bupropion, chantix
44
what should you give to a pt who is experiencing delirium tremens?
vallium, librium, ativan
45
what are symptoms of delirium tremens?
fever, sweating, anxiety, hypertension, insomnia, delusions
46
what do the letters in CAGE stand for for alcohol screening tool?
Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye opener
47
what is wenicke-korsaoff syndrome treated with?
thiamine
48
what are the pharmalogical interventions for alcohol use disorder?
disulfram, naltrexone, acamprosate calcium, benzos
49
why is naltroxone given to pts with alcohol use disorder?
helps with cravings for alcohol and opiates
50
what is important to remember if pt is taking disulfram?
avoid alcohol including mouthwash, cough drops, etc
51
when are benzos given to a person with alcohol use disorder?
with withdrawal
52
pts with anorexia nervosa are typically
underweight
53
are pts with bulimia underweight?
no
54
what are some symptoms of antisocial personality disorder?
disregard and exploits others, profound lack of empathy, criminal misconduct
55
what is the treatment like for antisocial personality disorder?
intense long term
56
what should you maintain when caring for a pt with antisocial personality disorder?
convey a calm attitude
57
what should you do for a pt with antisocial pd?
frequently observe the clients behavior
58
what are the key characteristics for borderline personality disorder?
unstable relationships, recurrent suicide behavior, emotionally lability, impulsivity, splitting
59
what type of communication should you use with a pt with borderline personality disorder?
clear, straightforward
60
what therapy is given to pts with borderline personality disorder?
dialectical behavior therapy by lineman
61
what are the characteristics of histrionic personality disorder?
flirtatious, sexually seductive
62
what is a characteristic that is associated with avoidant personality disorder?
shyness that increases with age
63
what type of appraoch should you use with pts with avoidant disorder?
friendly
64
what training should pts with avoidant disorder do?
assertiveness training
65
what is delirium characterized by?
disturbance in the level of awareness and a change in cognition
66
pts with delirium are disoriented to.... but not to...
time and place; self
67
what is the onset like of delirium?
rapid over a short amount of time
68
someone with delirium has the inabilty to...
direct, focus, shift, and sustain attention
69
how does dementia go on as time goes?
progressive deterioration
70
is there a change in consciousness in dementia?
no
71
dementia has difficulty with...
memory, problem-solving, and complex attention
72
if someone hears a phone ring and they go to the door this is an example of
agnosia
73
what scan is used for a definitive for alzheimers?
PET scan
74
what should you do for your pts with dementia that are risk for trauma/falls?
arrange furniture and other suplies to accomodate, don't keep bed elevated, assign room near nurses station, keep a dim light on at night
75
what should you do for your pt with dementia with disturbed thought process/impaired memory?
use clock and calendars with large numbers that are easy to read, keep explanations simple, encourage pt to view old photo albums
76
what are the interventions for the pt with dementia who has a self-care deficit?
promote independence, allow plenty of time for patient to perform tasks, talk the pt through one step at a time, provide structured schedule of activities that doesn't change
77
what stages are nmda antagonists used for
moderate to severe
78
what is the mode of action of cholinesterase inhibitors?
prevents the breakdown of acetylcholinesterase, makes more aceetylcholine avialble
79
with antipsychotics what should you remember about dosing?
use the lowest dose possible
80
what stages is cholinesterase used?
mild to moderate
81
trazadone is a good choice for?
patients with insomnia
82
what are the effects of schedule I drugs?
can cause the person to hallucinate and cause harm to other people and themselves
83
do schedule I have medical use
no
84
what are some examples of schedule I drugs?
heroin, lsd, marijuana
85
what should you remember if your pt is on schedule II drugs?
have them come in once a month and weigh them because it causes a decreased appetite
86
do schedule II drugs have a purpose in medicne?
yes
87
for those taking schedule IV, what should those in posession know?
there are penalties for legal posessions
88
what is it important to know about schedule V drugs?
don't usually have anyone addicted to these, they have a smaller affect
89
what medicine should you give if the pt is having alcohol withdrawal and experiecning increased pulse and BP, and increased body temp
chlordiazepoxide
90
what meds should you give if the pt with alcohol use disorder is having psychosis?
lorazepam and chlordiazepoxide
91
what meds do you give to prevent a seizure risk in alcoholic pts?
diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam
92
what is the first line of treatment for bullemia nervosa?
CBT
93
what are common complications of bullimia nervosa?
vomit erosion of tooth enamel, calluses on knuckles
94
ppl with paranoid pd have an unwillingness to
forgive
95
what should the treatment for paranoid pd look like?
adhering to schedules, avoiding being overly friendly
96
schizoid pts avoid
close relationships
97
pts with boderline personality disorder have the inability to....
be alone; have a fear of abandonment and want to be in realtionships
98
what is a key componet of obsessive compulsive pd?
unhealthy focus on perfection
99
if you suspect something....
You must report it
100
what is a common characteristic in abusers?
"dual personalities"
101
what are some symptoms that a child is being abused?
unexplained injuries, frightened by adults, reports injury by parent/caregiver, unconvincing sotry to explain the injuries
102
what are some examples of emotional neglect
failure to provide the child with hope, love, and support necessary for the development of a sound, healthy personality
103
what are some ways a child may experience physical neglect?
refusal or delay in seeking healthcare, abandonment, expulsion from the home, refusal to allow a runaway to return home, inadequate supervision
104
lacking sufficient clothing for the weather is an example of
NEGLECT
105
what are some indicators of sexual abuse in children?
difficulty walking/sitting, experiences appetite changes
106
what is important to remember in sexual assault cases?
cannot take a bath until after exam has been done, clothing shouldn't be messed with to avoid washing away evidence
107
what are the 5 stages of grief according to kubler-ross?
1. denial 2. anger 3. bargaining 4. depression 5. acceptance
108
experiencing of feelings and emotions associated with the normal grief response before the loss actually occurs
anticipatory grief
109
what is delayed/inhibitory grief?
the absence of evidence of grief when it ordinarily would be expected
110
what is distorted (exaggerated) grief?
all of symptoms associated with normal grieving process are exagggerated
111
chronic/prolonged greiving prevents...
the bereaved individual from adaptively performing adls
