Mittlestand

Question 1

From 1871 what had severely affected the Mittelstand?

Kaiser Reich - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition

Answer 1

Rapid industrialisation since factories could mass-produce good far more cheaply

Question 2

From 1882-1885, one-man artisan businesses dropped by what %
(Kaiser Reich - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition)

Answer 2

13.5%

Question 3

Despite this fall the Mittelstand did survive in the newly industrialised Germany, why was this?

(Kaiser Reich - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition)

Answer 3

New methods and machinery meant they were able to adapt to the new circumstances

Question 4

The Mittelstand formed an angry section of society who felt unsupported by political elites. What did this lead to?

(Kaiser Reich - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition)

Answer 4

Growth in trade unions

Question 5

What did the government do in 1897 to try and win the support of the Mittelstand?

(Kaiser Reich - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition)

Answer 5

Protectionist Craft Laws which failed. Modernisation and industrialisation meant many turned to extremist parties

Question 6

The Mittelstand threw their support behind which party during early 1920s?

(Weimar - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition)

Answer 6

Nazi Party

Question 7

What were some of the incentives for the Mittelstand to throw their support behind the Nazis?

(Weimar - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition)

Answer 7

Anti-communist and in their original manifesto there were a number of policies aimed at supporting small traders

Question 8

What % had skilled workers made up the Nazi Party membership in the 1920s despite only making up of 27% of the population?

(Weimar - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition)

Answer 8

33% skilled workers made up of the Nazi Party

Question 9

The Mittelstand were also concerned about growth in what?

Weimar - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition

Answer 9

Large shopping centres (often Jewish owned). Therefore attracted to the Nazis

Question 10

Which famous individual supported the Mittelstand from 1933?

Nazi - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition

Answer 10

Hitler

Question 11

How were highly skilled artisans protected from competition?

Nazi - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition

Answer 11

Nazis cracked down on the employment of low-paid, new artisanal shops had to gain permission allowed to open

Question 12

What did the Nazi Party formations have to order from artisans from 1931-1936 which saw the number of artisan businesses rise by what %?

(Nazi - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition)

Answer 12

Had to order boots and uniforms increasing artisan business by 20%

Question 13

But what remained more important than artisans?

Nazi - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition

Answer 13

Heavy industry due to preparations for war

Question 14

department stores’ turnover increased by what due to employing 90,000 Germans? (Negative for Artisans because?)

(Nazi - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition)

Answer 14

dept stores turnover Increased by 10%

Artisans numbers decreased by 11%

Question 15

By 1955 how many Germans were employed in artisan traders?

West Germany - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition

Answer 15

3.5 million

Question 16

Many focused on trades that supported big industry such as?

West Germany - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition

Answer 16

Skilled metalworking

Question 17

What had been created during the war meaning even small artisans could prosper in West Germany’s advanced, industrialised economy?

(West Germany - Mittelstand (Artisan Tradition)

Answer 17

Cooperatives