Enzymes Flashcards
1
Q
What is an enzyme
A
- Type of protein which carry out reactions
2
Q
Where is the enzyme made?
A
- Ribosome
3
Q
Why are enzymes used/ what do they preform?
A
- To speed up reactions
- Allow a reaction to occur at a much faster rate than it would normally would
- Preform a variety of different functions inside the body
4
Q
Enzyme parts
A
- Enzyme
- Active site
- Substrate
5
Q
Active site info
A
- rejoin of enzyme where substrate binds to
- When binding occurs = chemical reaction happens
- (Enzyme carries out the chemical reaction with substrate)
6
Q
Denaturing
A
- Structure of the enzyme is changed
- Blocks enzyme from binding to substrate since shape of enzyme has been altered = stops chemical reaction from occurring
- Too much heat causes denaturing = destroys bonds from enzyme (occurs after optimum temp was reached)
- Acidic/ Basic conditions cause denaturing (above/ below optimum temp (8))
- Concentration = not enough enzyme and substrate binding from lack of both
7
Q
Enzyme - Substrate specificity
A
- Enzymes can only catalyse one reaction (once reaction has ended that enzyme can be used again)
- Only one enzyme can fit with a substrate
- Enzymes have a particular physical shape and polarity charge (Limits the type of substrate which can bind with the enzyme)
- Reaction takes place by substrate binding to the active site on enzyme
(Substrate bonds charges into different chemical/ products then product removes itself from active site for next enzyme)
8
Q
What is a catalysed reaction
A
- Enzymes lower the activation energy of the chemical reaction that they catalyse
(A+B = C+D)
9
Q
With out catalysed reactions
A
- Reaction requires more energy
- With enzyme reaction requires less energy
10
Q
Pros of catalysed reactions
A
- Enzymes make it easier for reactions to occur = decreasing the activation energy required to cause the reaction/ make the products
11
Q
Immobilised enzymes - what are they used for/
A
- used to catalyse reactions outside living cells = done through attracting enzyme to another material (glass/gel) to connect with enzyme
- Allows reaction to be stopped faster if needed
- Recycle and revive the enzymes
- Increase stability = increase the enzyme concentration to speed up the reaction (faster)
