Communicable diseases

Question 1

What’s the definition of a communicable disease?

Answer 1

A disease that is spread between organisms

Question 2

What’s a blood clot?

Answer 2

A mesh of protein fibres

Question 3

What’s an immune response?

Answer 3

The body’s reaction to a foreign antigen

Question 4

What do neutrophils do?

Answer 4

White blood cells that respond to a pathogen

Involved in phagocytosis

Question 5

What do T regulatory cells do?

Answer 5

Suppress the immune response to prevent autoimmune disease

Question 6

What do T killer cells do?

Answer 6

Attach to and kill cells infected with a virus

Question 7

What are interleukins?

Answer 7

Type of cytokine (cell-signalling molecule) that binds to B lymphocytes to activate it

Question 8

What bonds hold the chains together in an antibody?

Answer 8

Disulphide

Question 9

How many antigens can an antibody bind to at one time?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

What are anti-toxins?

Answer 10

Antibodies that bind to toxins produced by pathogens and neutralise them

Question 11

Why’s the primary response slow?

Answer 11

There aren’t many B lymphocytes that can make the antibody needed to bind to the pathogen

Question 12

What do memory T cells remember?

Answer 12

The specific antigen (so can bind to it next time)

Question 13

What do memory B cells remember?

Answer 13

The specific antibody (needed to bind to the antigen)

Question 14

How can immunity be maintained?

Answer 14

Continually exposing the person to a pathogen so more memory T and B cells are made e.g., vaccine booster

Question 15

What’s active immunity?

Answer 15

When your immune system makes its own antibodies after being stimulated by an antigen

Question 16

What’s passive immunity?

Answer 16

When you get given antibodies made by a different organism

Question 17

What’s active NATURAL immunity?

Answer 17

Become immune after catching a disease

Question 18

What’s active ARTIFICIAL immunity?

Answer 18

Become immune after being given a vaccination containing a harmless dose of antigen

Question 19

What’s passive NATURAL immunity?

Answer 19

Baby becomes immune due to antibodies it receives from its mother through placenta & in breast milk

Question 20

What’s passive ARTIFICIAL immunity?

Answer 20

Become immune after being injected with antibodies from someone else

Question 21

What are attenuated viruses?

Answer 21

Viruses that have been genetically/chemically modified so they can’t produce toxins or attach to/ infect host cells

Question 22

What are strains?

Answer 22

Pathogens of the same type having different surface antigens

Question 23

What are antibiotics?

Answer 23

Chemicals that kill/ inhibit growth of bacteria

Question 24

What is synthetic biology?

Answer 24

The use of technology to design and make things e.g., artificial proteins, cells & microorganisms

Question 25

What’s the definition of ‘health’?

Answer 25

The complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing and not only the absence of illness/ disease or infirmity