Rules

Question 1

Lowering Energy

Answer 1

1. More electronegative
2. Positive formal charge
3. More s character

Question 2

Higher acidity

Answer 2

1. RESONANCE
2. More electronegative
3. Positive formal charge
4. sp hybridization

Question 3

Lower pKa means

Answer 3

Higher acidity

Question 4

Higher pKa means

Answer 4

Lower acidity

Question 5

Larger Ka means

Answer 5

Stronger acid

Question 6

Smaller Ka means

Answer 6

Weaker acid

Question 7

In proton transfer, the accepting orbital is

Answer 7

Sigma star (H–something)

Question 8

Checking for Chirality

Answer 8

1. How many stereo centers?
   1: chiral (what is the enantiomer?)
   0: achiral
   > 1: continue to 2.
2. Is there a mirror plane?
   Yes: achiral
   No: chiral (what is the enantiomer?)

Question 9

What are the components of a meso compound?

Answer 9

• An even number of stereocenters

- Symmetry between stereocenters

Question 10

What must a stereocenter have?

Answer 10

4 DIFFERENT groups around a central atom (typically C)

Question 11

Hand trick for R or S

Answer 11

Position thumb in direction of lowest priority group (often H)

Right hand: R
Left hand: S