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Urinalysis CCMLS > microscopic > Flashcards

microscopic Flashcards

1
Q

name the order of cast types

A

hyaline, cellular, granular, waxy

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2
Q

which crystals are mainly seen in acidic pH?

A

uric acid, calcium oxalate, cystine

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3
Q

uric acid crystal

A

acidic pH, crystaline structure, normal

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4
Q

calcium carbonate crystals

A

alkaline pH, dumbbell shape, normal

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5
Q

triple phosphate crystals

A

alkaline pH, coffin lid, normal

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6
Q

calcium oxalate crystals

A

acidic pH, maltese cross, normal (increase with kidney stones)

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7
Q

cystine crystals

A

acidic pH, hexagonal shape, abnormal

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8
Q

ammonium biurate crystals

A

alkaline pH, thorn apple, normal

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9
Q

cholesterol crystals

A

any pH, notched rectangles, abnormal

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10
Q

leucine crystals

A

any pH, yellow-brown spheres, abnormal

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11
Q

tyrosine crystals

A

any pH, thin clump of needles, abnormal

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12
Q

sulfa crystals

A

any pH, sheaves of needles- wheat, abnormal

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13
Q

calcium phosphate crystals

A

alkaline pH, flat rectangles/ thin rosettes, normal

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14
Q

bilirubin crystals

A

acidic or neutral pH, granules & clumped needles, abnormal

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15
Q

the main protein in casts

A

tamm horsfall protein

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16
Q

which casts are abnormal?

A

cellular, granular, waxy

17
Q

cellular casts are indicative of what?

A

bleeding, infection, tubular damage

18
Q

which casts are indicative of end stage renal disease?

A

fatty casts/ oval bodies

19
Q

which is the largest epithelial cell?

A

squamous

20
Q

lots of squamous epithelial cells is indicative of what?

A

poor collection

21
Q

large amount of transitional epithelial cells is indicative of what?

A

inflammation

22
Q

large amounts of renal epithelial cells is indicative of what?

A

tubular necrosis, renal disease

23
Q

this crystal is associated with gout

A

uric acid

24
Q

this crystal is associate with kidney stones

A

calcium oxalate

25
Q

the difference between amorphous urates and amorphous phosphates is…

A

pH

26
Q

what differentiates RBC from yeast?

A

budding/ hyphae

27
Q

+ protein macroscopically= what microscopically?

A

casts, WBC, 3-4+ mucus

28
Q

+ blood macro. = what micro.?

A

RBC (if not = lysed/ myoglobin/yeast)

29
Q

RBCs seen micro but no + blood macro.?

A

vit c interference

mis ID yeast

30
Q

+ nitrate macro = what micro?

A

bacteria

31
Q

which casts correlate with tubular destruction and chronic renal failure?

A

broad casts

32
Q

fatty cast are indicative of…

A

nephrotic syndrome

33
Q

wbc casts are most likely seen with…

A

pyelonephritis

34
Q

rbc casts are most likely seen with..

A

glomerulonephritis

Urinalysis CCMLS (5 decks)

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