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MOD E: Preventative Dentistry > Chapter 43: Tooth Bleaching > Flashcards

Chapter 43: Tooth Bleaching Flashcards

1
Q

may result in significantly whiter teeth and contribute to an increase in patient’s self-confidence.

A

tooth bleaching

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2
Q

refers to use of abrasive agents and/or detergents contained in a dentifrice to remove extrinsic stain.

A

tooth whitening

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3
Q

involves free radicals and the breakdown of pigment, which occurs in the tooth-bleaching procedures.

A

Bleaching

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4
Q

teeth can be stained ________ & _______

A

intrinsically and extrinsically.

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5
Q

________ bleaching is used for both vital and nonvital teeth.

A

external tooth

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6
Q

Bleaching agent breaks down chemical bonds in _______ making them refract light and appear lighter.

A

chromogens

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7
Q

Color change can extend into the _____ to produce a whitened tooth.

A

dentin

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8
Q

a bleaching procedure performed by a dentist after root canal therapy using a rubber dam or other type of isolation.

A

Nonvital tooth bleaching

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9
Q

method sealed a mixture of sodium perborate and water into the pulp chamber and retained it there between the patient’s visits.

A

walking bleach method

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10
Q

the walking bleach method was modified using water and 30%–35% _________ instead of the sodium perborate and water

A

hydrogen peroxide

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11
Q

Bleaching products penetrate ____ and ____ reaching the pulp10 within ___ minutes.

A

enamel
dentin
5-15

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12
Q

Bleaching products break down larger pigmented organic molecules, called ______ into smaller, less pigmented constituents that are locked in the enamel matrix and dentinal tubules

A

chromogens

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13
Q

Dentin color is either ___or _____ and can be seen through the enamel due to its translucency.

A

yellow

gray

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14
Q

Both _______ and ______ peroxide are used to lighten vital teeth.

A

hydrogen peroxide and carbamide

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15
Q

_____ is approximately three times stronger than carbamide peroxide

A

Hydrogen peroxide

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16
Q

_____ has a short working time; _______ has an extended working tim

A

hydrogen peroxide

carbamide peroxide

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17
Q

Hydrogen peroxide releases all of the peroxide within ___hours.

A

1.5

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18
Q

Hydrogen peroxide breaks down into_____ and ____ ; carbamide peroxide breaks down into _____ and _____ which further break down as shown

A

oxygen and water

hydrogen peroxide and urea,

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19
Q

carbamide peroxide Has slow release: __ of peroxide released in ____ hours and remainder of peroxide in ___ hours resulting in less sensitivity.

A

50%
2-4
2-6

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20
Q

Has a lower pH than carbamide peroxide, which may result in demineralization or erosion when used for longer treatment times than recommended.

A

hydrogen peroxide

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21
Q

Materials to reduce the sensitivity side effect of bleaching may be added to bleaching systems:

A

-POTASSIUM NITRATE: creates a calming effect on pulp impulses
-SODIUM FLOURIDE : (aid in remineralization).
-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE and amorphous calcium phosphate
( aid in remineralization)

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22
Q

a water-soluble resin used as a thickening agent, which:

Prolongs the release of hydrogen peroxide from carbamide peroxide.
Promotes quicker results.

A

carbopool

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23
Q

a gel to thicken and control the flow of bleaching agent to prevent overextending onto gingival tissues.

A

Glycerin:

24
Q

help to lift and remove extrinsic stains.

A

Surfactants

25
Q

aids in patient satisfaction and compliance.

A

aids in patient satisfaction and compliance.

26
Q

a cleaning agent.

A

Sodium hydroxide

27
Q

Materials to reduce the sensitivity side effect of bleaching may be added to bleaching systems.

A

Desensitizers

28
Q

Both hydrogen peroxide __% and carbamide peroxide __% are considered safe to lighten the color of teeth when professionally monitored

A

3.5%

10%

29
Q

Hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of __% or higher may:

Remove the enamel matrix.
Create microscopic voids that scatter light.
Result in increased whiteness until remineralization occurs and color partly relapses.1

A

30%

30
Q

Complications with current restorations may include:

A
  • Increased surface roughness.
  • Change in surface color.
  • Increased microleakage.
31
Q

Personal factors affecting acceptance for treatment may include:

A
  • Subjective determination when tooth shade is acceptable.
  • Patients with unrealistic personal expectations.
  • Poor patient compliance with treatment
  • Patients with tooth conditions that do not respond to vital tooth bleaching
32
Q

Tetracycline particles incorporate into _____ & ____ during mineralization of ____teeth.

Result: discolored dentin resistant to bleaching.

A

dentin calcium

unerupted

33
Q

First-category staining

A

light-yellow to light-gray responds to bleaching.

34
Q

Second-category staining

A

darker and more extensive yellow-gray responds to extended bleaching time.

35
Q

Third-category staining:

A

intense dark gray-blue banding stains.

Severe third-category staining may require porcelain veneers for satisfactory esthetic result.

36
Q

Some tetracycline stains will require __-__ months to achieve a satisfactory result.

A

1-12 months

37
Q

Brown discoloration responsive to bleach __% of the time.

A

80

38
Q

Nicotine stains: require __-__ months of nightly treatment due to the tenacity of the stain

A

1-3 months

39
Q

Desensitization agents for Bleaching

A
  • toothpaste containing POTASSIUM NITRATE
  • toothpaste that includes CALCIUM CARBONATE
  • toothpaste, which includes SODIUM FLOURIDE
40
Q

Root Resorption

Can occur after bleaching, particularly after _________ , ________ bleaching when heat is applied during the technique.

May lead to _______

A

intracoronal, nonvital tooth

tooth loss

41
Q

Products containing acidic pH may result in tooth ___over time.

The higher the percentage of hydrogen peroxide, the lower the ___

(More common with OTC bleaching products)

A

erosion

PH

42
Q

Professionally applied bleaching is performed with high concentrations of ____ % hydrogen peroxide or ____ % carbamide peroxide.

A

30-40

35-44

43
Q

over the counter bleaching preparations :

A
  • strips
  • prefabricated trays
  • paint on (carbamide peroxide)
  • dentrifice
  • mouthrinse
44
Q

Also called walking bleach method and internal bleaching, _______ involves the bleaching of a single, ______ tooth that is discolored.

A

nonvital tooth bleaching

endodontically treated

45
Q

bleaching nonvital teeth:

Hydrogen peroxide and/or sodium perborate is placed in the pulp chamber, sealed, and left for - days,

A

3-7

46
Q

Three concepts should be considered when determining tooth shade:

A

hue, chroma, and value

47
Q

refers to the color of a tooth

A

hue

48
Q

refers to the saturation, or intensity of the color.

A

chroma

49
Q

the lightness or brightness of the color

A

value

50
Q

When selecting tooth shade, it is best to start with selecting the proper ___

A

value

51
Q

Each tooth reaches a maximum color change. Additional bleaching product or contact time will NOT necessarily result in a lighter color

true or false

A

true

52
Q

Dentin color is either___ or ____ and can be seen through the enamel due to its translucency.

A

yellow

gray

53
Q

Both ____ & ____ peroxide are used to lighten vital teeth.

A

hydrogen peroxide

carbamide

54
Q

After bleaching, new restorative procedures need to be delayed for __ weeks to allow for color stabilization.

Bonding needs to be delayed for __ weeks due to significantly reduced bonding strength associated with recently bleached tooth surface

A

2 weeks

2 weeks

55
Q

Current American Dental Association recommendations for children and adolescent use of tooth bleaching include:

A
  • Delaying treatment until after permanent teeth have erupted.
  • Use of a custom-fabricated tray to limit amount of bleaching gel.
  • Close supervision.
56
Q

Tooth bleaching is contraindicated in the following patients:

A
  • PREGNANT and lactating women.
  • Use of photosensitive medications
  • Recent cosmetic procedures such as skin peels, facial waxing, or use of certain essential oils.
57
Q

Light-activated bleaching is contraindicated for patients who are:

A
  • Light sensitive.
  • Taking a photosensitive medication.
  • Receiving photochemotherapeutic drugs or treatments such as psoralen and ultraviolet radiation.

MOD E: Preventative Dentistry (11 decks)

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