Lab review Flashcards
1
Q
Meds that cause high K
A
potassium supplements ACEI ARB Bactrim Spironolactone Amloride
2
Q
Medical conditions or lab issues that cause high K
A
CKD or AKI Hemolysis/bleeding Hemolyzed specimen- bad blood draw Tumor lysis syndrome Metabolic acidosis Insulin deficiency Tissue breakdown - rhabdo
3
Q
BUN ratio 30:1 means
A
GI bleed
4
Q
BUN ratio 20:1 means
A
prerenal AKI -
dehydration
decreased effective circulating volume (cirrhosis, CHF, nephrotic syndrome), shock/hypotension, hemorrhage
5
Q
MCV >100 causes
A
vit b12 def or folate def alcohol liver dz myelodysplastic syndrome hypothyroidism meds! allopurinol, immunosuppressants, Bactrim, h2 blockers, PPIs, metformin
6
Q
MCV <80 causes
A
Iron deficiency anemia thalassemia lead poisoning copper def zinc poisoning GI bleeding
7
Q
Increased total bili causes
A
liver dz
hemolytic anemia
8
Q
Increased platelet causes
A
reactive thrombocytosis - infection - blood loss, anemia - non-infectious inflammation - post-splenectomy blood malignancies- p vera, CML, MDS, AML familial thrombocytosis
9
Q
Low magnesium causes
A
GI losses- diarrhea > vomiting
Meds- PPI usage, loop & thiazide diuretics
Alcohol use disorder
Post-transplant patients
10
Q
Increased WBC causes
A
infection inflammation neoplasms meds- glucocorticoids, catecholamines (epi), lithium smoking stress/exercise obesity
11
Q
AST predominant
A
alcohol hepatitis
12
Q
ALP predominant
A
biliary obstruction or bone
if bili elevated= liver/gallbladder obstruction
13
Q
ALT predominant
A
drug induced liver injury
14
Q
Low K causes
A
GI losses- diarrhea Thiazide & loop diuretics Hyperaldosteronism Hypomagnesemia Insulin, beta agonist, alkalosis- drives K into cells Sweat Dialysis
15
Q
Elevated D dimer
A
DVT/PE DIC COVID Infection/sepsis Surgery/trauma MI/CVA Liver dz Renal dz Malignancy Pregnancy
