theories of craniofacial growth

Question 1

Heredity/Genetics of craniofacial growth

Answer 1

based on DNA/ influenced by environment= epigenetics, are genes expressed/ to what degree?
orthodontics can influence the environment

Question 2

approaches to fix malocclusions/ craniofacial abnormalities

Answer 2

surgical, functional appliance, othro

Question 3

Equilibrium Theory

duration or magnitude?

Answer 3

• Balance of forces keep the teeth and jaws in their position: mm/ tongue
• Duration of force more important than magnitude

Question 4

soft tissue forming with bone/ functional matrix

Answer 4

bone forms first then soft tissue, however, forces provided by the soft tissue with function can influence bone growth= functional matrix (balance between cheek and tongue)

Question 5

Mouth breathing and sleep apnea

can be due to?

Answer 5

can be due to unfavorable dentoalveolar growth: over eruption, lack of transverse development,

tongue may also push incisors forward

all of this can lead to mouth breathing and sleep apnea

Question 6

Dental Effects of Mouth breathing
bite?
max incisors?
man incisors? 
wide or narrow maxilla?
man protrusion or retrusion? result of?

Answer 6

• Anterior open bite
• Maxillary incisor protrusion
• Mandibular incisor retrusion
• Narrowing of the maxilla
• Mandibular retrusion: can be genetic/functional matrix not optimized

Question 7

tongue creation of anterior open bite

Answer 7

may provide a protrusive force on the incisors with lack of counter from masticory mm= anterior open bite formation

Question 8

Skeletal-Dentoalveolar issues, result?

Answer 8

can have super-eruption of the maxilla dentoalveolar process= can lead to ant open bite
can also have lack of ramus development

Question 9

Growth centers

Answer 9

• Epiphysis of long bones and at cranial base
• Responsible for growth of long bones
• Cells are layered in a precise manner
• Transplanted cell will continue to grow (chemical mediators?)
• Do not respond to tension or pressure

Question 10

Growth sites
places?
cells? 
function with a transplant? 
sensitive to?

Answer 10

•Mandibular condyles, sutures, tuberosity
•Immature fibrocartilaginous cells (not layered)
•Stop functioning if transplanted (mediators)
•Growth sites are sensitive to mechanical stimulations ( tension=growth/pressure=stops, orthodontic uses)
forms less bone than a growth center

Question 11

Differences of growth sites and centers for Orthodontics
sites respond to?
amount of growth?
programming of centers?

Answer 11

• Growth site responds to mechanical stimulation (pull on PDL, stimulates bone)
• Amount of growth is much lower in a growth site
• Growth centers are genetically programmed and less affected by the environment (epigenetics, how much expressed?)