Chapter 10 - Therapeutic Communication & Health Promotion Flashcards
1
Q
What is primary prevention?
A
- Preventing the health problem, the most cost-effective form of healthcare
- Ex: immunizations, safety counseling, injury & disease prevention, smoking cessation
2
Q
What is secondary prevention?
A
- Detecting the disease early; asymptomatic or preclinical state to minimize impact
- Ex: screening tests (like BP checks, mammograms, colonoscopy, HgbA1c)
3
Q
What is tertiary prevention?
A
- Minimizing the negative disease-induced outcomes
- Ex: in established disease – adjusting therapy to avoid further target organ damage
- Potentially viewed as a failure of primary prevention
4
Q
What are secondary prevention principles?
A
- The prevalence of a disease is sufficient to justify screening
- The health problem has a significant effect on quality and/or quantity of life
- The target disease has a long asymptomatic period
- A population-acceptable screening test is available
5
Q
CAGE Questionnaire
A
- C – have you ever felt you ought to Cut down on drinking?
- A – have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
- G – have you ever felt bad or Guilty about your drinking?
- E – have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves, “eye-opener”
- Can modify for other forms of substance abuse
- If patient answers “yes” to at least 2 questions, there is a high sensitivity and specificity that the patient has a problem
6
Q
When should mammograms be started in women?
A
• Around age 40
7
Q
When should a woman first get a Pap smear?
A
• Age 21
8
Q
How to calculate pack-years for smoking?
A
• Number of PDD x number of years smoked
9
Q
When to report child and elder abuse?
A
- Child abuse reporting is mandatory in all 50 states
* Elder abuse reporting differs by state
10
Q
What are the Prochaska and DiClemente Stage of Change?
A
- Pre-contemplation – patient is not interested in change; provider helps patient to think about changing their behavior
- Contemplation – patient is considering change, may feel “stuck”; provider should help the patient examine benefits and barriers to change
- Preparation – patient exhibits some behavior changes or thoughts, often reports feeling like they don’t have the tools to proceed; provider helps patient find and use tools
- Action – patient is ready to go forth with change, takes concrete steps, inconsistent with carrying through; provider works with patient on using tools, encourages healthy behavior, acknowledging reverting back to common
- Maintenance/relapse – patient learns to continue with the change, adopted the change; provider uses continued positive reinforcement
11
Q
What are the 5 A’s of Assessing Readiness?
A
- Ask – identify and document tobacco use at every visit
- Advise – urge tobacco user to quit
- Assess – is tobacco user willing to attempt to quit
- Assist – for patient willing to make an attempt, use counseling or pharmacotherapy to help
- Arrange – schedule follow-up contact preferably the first week after the quit date
12
Q
Leading causes of death: age 15-34
A
- 1: unintentional injury
- 2: suicide
- 3: homicide
13
Q
Leading causes of death: age 34-44
A
- 1: unintentional injury
- 2: malignant neoplasm
- 3: heart disease
14
Q
Leading causes of death: age 45-64
A
- 1: malignant neoplasm
- 2: heart disease
- 3: unintentional injury
15
Q
Leading causes of death: age 65+
A
- 1: heart disease
- 2: malignant neoplasm
- 3: chronic lower respiratory diseases (COPD, pneumonia, flu)
