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Step 2 > Set 3 > Flashcards

Set 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Ash leaf spots, cardiac and kidney tumors, seizures / developmental delay?

A

Tuberous Sclerosis (mutation in 2 tumor suppressor genes)

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2
Q

Lens dissociaton associated with (2)

A 
homocysteinuria = downward
Marfan's = upward
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3
Q

AMS, ataxia, nystagmus and conjugate gaze palsy

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy (B1 thiamine def)

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4
Q

Pathogenesis of statin-induced myopathy

A

inhibits intracellular coenzyme Q10 synthesis

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of RHF in COPD patient

A

pulmonary HTN from chronic hypoxemia –> constriction of pulmonary arterial system

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6
Q

What do prolonged QRS vs. prolonged QT indicate?

A 
QRS = bradyarrhythmia (BBB)
QT = tachyarrhythmia (subtype of Vtach)
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7
Q

Tx Dressler’s Syndrome

A

NSAIDs > > corticosteroids

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8
Q

Banana bag

A

Thiamine 1st then dextrose, naloxone and O2

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9
Q

2 causes of pulsus paradoxus

A

I.e. drop in SBP >10 during Inspiration
1. Cardiac tamponade
2. Severe asthma/COPD
(during inspiration blood pools in the lungs –> decreased LV preload –> decreased CO)

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10
Q

Complications of Strep Pharyngitis vs. Impetigo?

A

Strep pharyngitis can lead to PSGN, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever
Impetigo can only cause PSGN

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11
Q

ST depression V1 and V2

A

Posterior wall MI

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12
Q

Dx, Tx heat stroke

A

T >105F

Tx evaporative cooling (water spray / fans)

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13
Q

Tx Raynauds

A

Nifedipine (dihydropyridine CCB)

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14
Q

2 major causes of pseudotumor cerebri?

A

Vit. A toxicity (isotretinoin or prolonged tetracylcine use), OCPs

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15
Q

Tx depression WITH insomnia

A

Trazadone

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16
Q

Exudative (increased protein) effusion withOUT evidence of infection

A

Malignancy –> BCA or Lung MC

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17
Q

2 cardiac problems where Mg sulfate is the Tx

A

Torsades and digoxin OD

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18
Q

Pathogenesis of hyperprolactinemia

A

decreased DA in hypothalamus/tuberoinfundibular pathway –> LOSS of normal inhibition on PRL release from ANTERIOR pituitary. Hence, see increased PRL in patients on antipsychotics (DA antagonists)

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19
Q

Immune response elicited by Pneumoccocal polyvalent (subunit) vaccine

A

B cell only b/c polysaccharides* can’t be presented to T cells (peptides and proteins can be though)

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20
Q

Decreased grip –> nerve injured

A

ulnar –> INTEROSSEOUS muscles

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21
Q

Tx asystole or PEA

A

CPR –> epinephrine

DO NOT SHOCK unless in vfib or pulseless vtach

22
Q

HTN, hematuria and abd mass in a young person, think? associated with? (2)

A

PKD (autosomal dominant)

a/w cerebral aneurysms and strokes

23
Q

3 DA pathways and ass. conditions

A

mesolimbic - excitatory - schizophrenia (incr. DA)
tuberoinfundibular - inhibitory - hyperPRL (decr. DA)
nigrostriatal - inhibitory - parkinsonism (decr. DA)

24
Q

JVD, Kussmaul’s sign, hypotension, clear lung fields and NORMAL heart sounds (not muffled)? Tx?

A

RHF (vs. cardiac tamponade w/ muffled heart sounds).

Tx = IVF to sustain preload and BP, avoid nitro or diuretics

25
Q

What is injured with fx of supracondylar region of humerus?

A

median nerve and/or brachial artery

26
Q

Child with syncope and hearing impairment? Tx?

A

QT prolongation syndrome - often + FHx

Tx BB +/- pacemaker if sx

27
Q

Tx DCM

A

BB or CCB

28
Q

decreased radial pulses that disappear with deep inspiration?

A

pulsu paradoxus –> cardiac tamponade

29
Q

RF for AAA, oeprative criteria

A

RF = age >60, SMOKING, fhx, atherosclerosis
(**NOT HTN which is RF for aortic dissection)
Operate if >5.5cm, symptomatic or rapidly expanding

30
Q

Tx duration of lithium for bipolar disorder

A

1x = 1yr

3+ x = for LIFE

31
Q

Left arm is swollen pale but pulses are present, Dx? Tx? Etiology?

A

Subclavian vein thrombosis 2/2 indwelling central line
dx = duplex US
Tx remove line +/- anticoagulation

32
Q

CD4 level prophylaxis guidelines

A

<50 = azithromycin for MAC

33
Q

Narrow complex tachycardia

A

SVT

34
Q

infant with persistent wheezing not responsive to inhaled bronchodilators or steroids

A

vascular ring causing upper airway compression

35
Q

Patient with CHF or Afib develops N/V/D, vision changes, AMS and decreased appetite? 3 causes

A

digitoxin toxicity (precipitated by renal injury, dehydration or hypokalemia)

36
Q

murmurs that increase with inspiration

A

Right heart murmurs bc negative intrathoracic pressure pulls blood into the RA

37
Q

stones, bones, grones, psychic overtones

A

Hypercalcemia (primary hyperparathyroidism, malignancy)

38
Q

Episodic palpitations, weakness, hypotension and tachycardia? Tx?

A

PSVT

Tx = vagal maneuvers, cold-water immersion, adenosine

39
Q

4 CHD equivalents? When to start statins?

A

DM, Sx carotid artery ds, PAD, AAA

Start ASA and statin at ANY LDL level (goal <100)

40
Q

Loud S1 and mid-diastolic rumble murmur

A

MS

41
Q

F/u of pap smear LSIL

A 
adolescent = repeat in 12mo
premenopause = colpo + bx
postmenopause = reflex HPV +/- colpo
42
Q

<4yo with HIGH fever +/- febrile sz with a trunkal rash that spreads outward (maculopapular)

A

Roseola infantum/6th ds = HHV6

43
Q

Tx decompensated CHF

A

nitro + loop diuretics

44
Q

Female with normal development until 6mo then decline with hand-wringing

A

Rett disorder

45
Q

Transient monocular vision loss

A

amaurosis fugax = retinal embolism (MCC carotid artery plaque)

46
Q

anemia, thrombocytopenia and increased WBC (lymphs)? Tx?

A

CLL –> rituximab (cd20 Ab)

47
Q

dizziness, palpitations, trembling and profuse sweating during exercise

A

hypoglycemia inducing sympathetic system

angina has CP* duh

48
Q

Tx enuresis

A

non-med measures –> desmopressin –> imipramine

49
Q

Bullous pemphigoid vs. pemphigus vulgaris

A 
BP = tense blisters involving groin
PV = fragile blisters involving oral mucosa*
50
Q

2 complications of SAH

A

cerebral salt wasting –> increased ADH and BNP secretion causes hyponatremia
SIADH - also hyponatremia

Step 2 (20 decks)

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