Endocrine

Question 1

What are the two control systems that maintain homeostasis within the human body? How quickly do they kick in? How does their reach differ?

Answer 1

nervous system: milliseconds to minutes (quick/in the moment), limited reach to just what they are ‘hardwired’ into

endocrine system: minutes to hours to days to years to entire lifetime, unlimited reach as these messengers work through the bloodstream

Question 2

Name some functions of the endocrine system

Answer 2

regulate metabolism
stress coping
regulate growth
control reproduction
regulate circulation and red blood cell production
control digestion & absorption of food

Question 3

How do hormones & neurohormones target specific cells?

Answer 3

target cells will have receptors for the hormones whereas nontarget cells will not

Question 4

Three classes of hormones: peptides, amines and steroids. How do they differ?

Answer 4

how they respond to water (i.e. peptides are hydrophilic, steroids are lipophilic and amines can be either)

whether or not they are stored (i.e. peptides & amines are stored prior to release, steroids are produced and released as needed, not stored)

how they are made up (i.e. peptides are chains of amino acids, amines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine and steroids are derived from cholesterol)

Question 5

Two types of amine hormones, catecholamines & thyroid hormones. Which are hydrophilic and which are lipophilic?

Answer 5

catecholamines (i.e. adrenaline, noradrenaline & dopamine) are hydrophilic

thyroid are lipophilic

Question 6

LECTURE 1 UP TO HERE How do hydrophilic hormones elicit a response in target cells?

Answer 6

by binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell and either changing the cell permeability or activating a second messenger system