Evolution of Cognition II - 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Was ist die Frage die sich beim Farbsehen in Wirbeltieren stellt?

A

Konvergenz oder Homologie mit Verlusten (Hunde und Ziegen -> kein Garbsehen, Vögel schon)

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2
Q

Was ist die Antwort auf die Frage die sich beim Farbsehen in Wirbeltieren stellt?

A

Homologe mit Verlusten (in frühen Säugetieren)

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3
Q

Sortiere Zäpfchentypen nach kurzer, mittlerer und langer Wellenlänge:

A
S = blue
M = green
L = red
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4
Q

Ein Beispiel für lichtempfindliche Moleküle:

A

Opsine

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5
Q

Conclusion on the topic of color vision in vertebrates:

A
  • Complex situation on vertebrate tree: no simple “scala naturae”
  • Genetics can help us to understand
  • Adaptive value of color shifts remains unclear
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6
Q

How many cone opsins do most vertebrates have?

A

4

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7
Q

How many cone opsins do most mammals have?

A

2

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8
Q

Many primates have how many opsins?

A

3, but why remains unclear..

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9
Q

Vier Aspekte über die Herkunft der Säugetiere:

A
  • Warmblüter (= hoher Stoffwechsel)
  • Neocortex
  • Loss of tetra-chromatic color vision
  • improved hearing
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10
Q

Säugetiere verzweigten sich in den letzten …

A

… 65 ma (ca. Erdneuzeit).

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11
Q

Komparative Vertebrale Hearing (von weniger hohe Frequenzen zu höheren Frequenzen hören können):

A

reptiles and amphibians -> birds -> mammals

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12
Q

Haarzellen können eingeteilt werden in …

A

… äußere und innere.

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13
Q

Mammalian middle ear bones originated as …

A

… jaw bones.

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14
Q

Conclusion for mammal hearing?

A
  • Several evolutionary innovations have occurred, early in mammalian evolution
  • Mammal hearing and olfaction prospered, at the expense of color vision
  • Why?
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