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MicroPara Lec 1 > Cell Structure And Taxonomy And Eukaryotic cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure And Taxonomy And Eukaryotic cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

The fundamental living unit of any organism. Inhibits the basic characteristic of life.

A

CELL

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2
Q

“Small room” in latin word

A

Cella

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3
Q

It is the smallest unit of life.

A

CELL

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4
Q

Building blocks of life

A

CELL

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5
Q

Refers to all chemical reactions that occur within the cells. Because of metabolism the cell can grow and reproduce.

A

METABOLISM

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6
Q

Makes up the genes of its chromosomes

A

DNA

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7
Q

Tiny organ like structure found in the more advanced single- celled organism.

A

ORGANELLES

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8
Q

Two types of cells

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell

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9
Q

Less complex, simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells, and lack membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus.

A

Prokaryotic Cells

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10
Q

More complex, containing a true nucleus and many membranes bound organelles

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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11
Q

Study of structure and functions of cell.

A

Cytology

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12
Q

“Eu”means

A

True

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13
Q

“Caryo” means

A

Nut / nuclues

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14
Q

Referred to as plasma, cytoplasmic or cellular membrane. enclosed the cell.

A

Cell membrane

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15
Q

It is a selective barrier that allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the entire cell.

A

Cell Membrane

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16
Q

Control the function of entire cell and can be thought of as the command center of the cell. (cell’s information center)

A

Nucleus

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17
Q

Spherical and separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope.

A

Nucleus

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18
Q

It is the place where almost all DNA replication and RNA synthesis (transcription) occur / houses the cell’s chromosomes.

A

Nucleus

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19
Q

3 components of Nucleus

A

Necleoplasm
Chromosomes
Nuclear membrane/ envelope

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20
Q

A type of protoplasm, a gelatinous matrix or base materials of the nucleus.

A

Nucleoplasm

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21
Q

Embedded or suspended in the nucleoplasm

A

Chromosomes

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22
Q

How many chromosomes have human.

A

46 chromosomes (23 pairs diploid cells)

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23
Q

Membrane that serves as a skin around the nucleus

A

Nuclear membrane

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24
Q

It contains holes (nuclear pores) through which large molecules can enter and exit the nucleus.

A

Nuclear membrane

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25
Q

Isolates and protects a cell’s DNA from various molecules that could accidentally damage its structure or interfere with its processing.

A

Nuclear Membrane

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26
Q
  • Located along the DNA molecules

* Sometimes described as “beads on string”

A

GENES

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27
Q

The organism’s complete collection of genes.

A

Genotype/ genome

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28
Q

How many genomes have human?

A

20k to 25k genes

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29
Q

A dark (electron dense) area can be seen in the nucleus by using TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE.

A

Nucleolus

30
Q

A specialized region within the nucleus where ribosome subunits are assembled.

A

Nucleolus

31
Q

A type of protoplasm) a semisolid gelatinous nutrient matrix.

A

Cytoplasm

32
Q

Where most of the cells metabollic reaction occur.

A

Cytoplasm

33
Q

Semisolid portion of the cytoplasm, excluding the granules and organelles

A

Cytosol

34
Q

A HIGHLY CONVULATED SYSTEM OF MEMBRANES THAT ARE INTERCONNECTED and arranged to form a transport network of tubules and flattened sacs within the cytoplasm.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

35
Q

A transport network for molecules targeted for certain modifications and specific destinations, as compared to molecules that float freely in the cytoplasm.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

36
Q

2 types of ER

A

Smooth and Rough ER

37
Q

The appearance is cause by many ribosomes attached to the outer surface of the membranes.

A

ROUGH ER

38
Q

Which has ribosomes on its surface that secrete proteins into the ER.

A

ROUGH ER

39
Q

Size of Eukaryotic Ribosomes

A

18-22nm in Diameter

40
Q

Consist mainly of rRNA AND PROTEIN AND PLAY AN IMPORTANT part in the synthesis (manufacturer of protein).

A

Ribosomes

41
Q
  • A cluster of ribosomes

* Held together by a molecule of messenger RNA, observe by electron microscope.

A

Polyribosomes/ polymers

42
Q

Process and package the macromolecules such as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell.

A

Golgi Complex /golgi apparatus/ golgi body

43
Q

Connects or communicate with ER

A

GOLGI COMPLEX/ GOLGI APPARATUS/ BODY

44
Q

• This stack of flattened, membranous sacs completes the transformation of newly synthesized proteins into mature. (Packaging plants)

A

Golgi Complex

45
Q
  • SMALL (ABOUT 1 um) vesicles that originate at the Golgi Complex.
  • contain digestive (acid hydrolases).
A

Lysosomes

46
Q

They digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. Or macromolecules are Hydrolyzed

A

Lysosomes

47
Q

Engulfing of large particles by amoebas and certain types of white blood cells called phagocytes

A

Phagocytosis

48
Q

Cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells.

A

Phagocytes

49
Q

The destruction of cells or tissues by their own enzymes, especially those released by lysosomes .Aid in breaking down worn out parts of the cell and may destroy the entire cell.

A

Autolysis

50
Q

Membrane-bound vesicles in which hydrogen peroxide is both generated and broken down.

A

Peroxisomes

51
Q

Contains enzyme catalase, which catalyzes (speed up) the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

A

Peroxisomes

52
Q

Referred to as “power Plants”, “powerhouse” or energy factories. Because this is where most of the ATP molecules are formed by cellular functions.

A

Mitochondria

53
Q

Size of mitochondria

A

0.5um in diameter and up 7 um in length

54
Q

The major energy carrying or energy-storing molecules within cell

A

ATP molecules

55
Q

A membranous- bound structures containing various photosynthetic pigment: site of photosynthesis (energy-producing organelles)

A

Plastids

56
Q

Can only be found in plants and algae, and they capture the sun’s energy to make carbohydrates through photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

57
Q

One type of plastids, contain green, photosynthetic pigment.

A

Chlorophyll

58
Q

The process by which light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen.

A

Photosynthesis

59
Q

Reinforce cell’s shape: function in cell movement: components are made of protein

A

Cytoskeleton

60
Q

Eukaryotic cytoskeleton is composed of what?

A

Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments and Microtubules.

61
Q

Flexible and relatively strong filamentous structures in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and form part of the cytoskeleton.

A

Microfilaments ( actin filaments)

62
Q

They are composed of a family of related proteins sharing common structural and sequence features.

A

Intermediate Filaments (IFs)

63
Q

Slender, hollow tubules composed of spherical protein subunits called tubulins.

A

Microtubules

64
Q

They are involved in maintaining the structure of the cell and, together with microfilaments and intermediate filaments, they form the cytoskeleton.

A

Microtubules

65
Q

External structure that provide rigidity, shape, and protection

A

Cell wall

66
Q

Cell wall contains of what?

A

cellulose, pectin, lignin, chitin, and some mineral salt

67
Q

Acts to protect the cell mechanically and chemically from its environment, and is an additional layer of protection to the cell membrane.

A

Cell wall

68
Q

Not found in the cell wall of any other microorganism .it is found in the cell walls of plants.

A

Cellulose

69
Q

Not found in the cell walls of any other organism. It is found in the exoskeleton of beetles and crabs

A

Chitin

70
Q

Possess relatively long, thin structure, referred to as organelles of locomotion (cell movement).

A

Flagella

71
Q

Organelles of locomotion, but they tend to be shorter (more Hair like), thinner, and more numerous than flagella.

A

Cilla

MicroPara Lec 1 (3 decks)

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