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Wines of France FT > * WSET4- Burgundy (Chablis) > Flashcards

* WSET4- Burgundy (Chablis) Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Chablis AOC situated?

A

110 km northwest of Dijon in the Serein river valley around the town of Chablis.

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2
Q

What is the climate in Chablis compared to the Côte d’Or?

A

Cooler

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3
Q

What style of wine is Chablis known for? ( Grape; body/alc/aromas, Trend use of oak)

A

Dry, medium bodied, medium alcohol wines with zesty acidity made from Chardonnay.
They usually show aromas of green apple and lemon fruit.
The general trend is for minimal or no oak, though premiers and grand cru wines may be fermented and aged in oak.

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4
Q

What is the range of quality and price for Chablis wines?

A

Good to outstanding quality with mid- to premium pricing (and a few super-premium)

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5
Q

Describe the popularity of Chablis AOC vineyards over time.

( Early 19th century, mid-19th, WWI & 1945, now)

A

Major swings.
*A boom in the early 19th century due to the region’s proximity to Paris saw vineyards in the Yonne department reach 40,000 ha.
*mid-19th century decline: phylloxera and powdery mildew, railway Paris-Marseille bringing cheaper southern wines
* Depopulation following World War I, and a devastating frost in 1945 (a low point of 500 ha under vine.)
* Now: Chablis AOC has 5,500 ha planted to grapes due to demand for its wines.

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6
Q

What is the climate in Chablis?

A

Continental with cold winters and warm summers

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7
Q

What are some of the concerns growers in Chablis have due to the climate there?

A

Chardonnay can sometimes have difficulty ripening in the cool climate

Frosts and hail storms before and during the growing season can damage vines and affect yields

The climate is moist, leading to fungal and other disease pressure

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8
Q

How much rainfall does Chablis receive? When does the rain usually fall?

A

670mm annual rainfall on average spread throughout the growing season, creating a moist climate

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9
Q

What type of soils does Chablis sit on?

A

Limestone and clay soils.
The older soils with considerable fossilized seashells in it are known as Kimmeridgian soils. The original Chablis AOC zone was established primarily over these soils.

Portlandian soils are younger, denser limestone soils. The appellation was extended to cover some Portlandian sites in 1978, tripling the Chablis AOC vineyard area to much protest.

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10
Q

What are some vineyard methods Chablis growers use to combat spring frost?
Describe them including usefulness and drawbacks.

A

Smudge Pots: oil burning devices reminiscent of small chimneys on a large pot. They are smoky, cause air pollution, and require vineyard staff.

Sprinklers (Aspersion): the preferred method, sprinklers coat the vines and buds in water that protect it from cold weather. Requires installation and maintenance costs, making it a realistic option for well-funded or very good ROI products.

Pruning Choices: growers will prune later than usual, promoting a later budburst in the hopes of avoiding spring frost

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11
Q

What are the common rootstocks used in Chablis? Why?

A

41B (vinifera x berlandieri): widely used because it is highly tolerant of limestone soils with high pH

420A (riparia x berlandieri): popular for low vigor and tolerance of high pH

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12
Q

What training system is typical of Chablis growers? Why?

A

Double Guyot allows growers to have an option in case one of the arms of the vine fails.

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13
Q

What are yields like in Chablis compared to the Côte d’Or? (higher/lower?)

A

Yields have been much higher, though recent frosts and hail damage have reduced these numbers.

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14
Q

How are grapes in Chablis generally picked?

A

Most of Chablis AOC is machine-picked, but the Grand Cru vineyards are too steep for mechanization and thus picked by hand.

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15
Q

What is the quality hierarchy of Chablis AOC?

A

Chablis Grand Cru AOC

Chablis 1er Cru AOC ( ALWAYS released under their VILLAGE APPELLATION)

Village level: Petit Chablis AOC & Chablis AOC

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16
Q

Petit Chablis AOC
Tell about the level in hierarchy/ Grape used/ altitude & soil vineyards?

A

The lowest level of the Chablis AOC quality hierarchy.
100% Chardonnay wine made from the higher, cooler vineyards in Chablis.
The vineyards are predominantly Portlandian limestone soils with flat land or gentle slopes and a range of aspects.

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17
Q

What is the difference between Kimmeridgian and Portlandian soils?

A

Kimmeridgian soils are a clay/limestone amalgamate that includes fossilized Exogyra virgula.

Portlandian soils are harder, denser limestone soils with little to no fossil content. They are also younger than Kimmeridgian soils.

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18
Q

What is an Exogyra virgula? Where would you expect to find one?

A

An extinct bivalve (shell) similar to an oyster that existed in the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Fossils of it are extremely common in the Kimmeridgian soils of premium Chablis AOC sites.

19
Q

What aspect and soil type is typical of Chablis AOC wines?

A

There is no consistency with many sites facing north, though vineyards are predominantly located on flat land or gentle slopes. The soil can be a mix of Kimmeridgian and Porlandian

20
Q

What is the style of Petit Chablis AOC and Chablis AOC?

A

Light bodied, high acid wines with light (Petit Chablis) to medium (Chablis) intensity green apple and lemon aromas.

21
Q

How many Chablis AOC vineyards have Premier Cru status? What soil and exposition?

A

40 vineyards predominantly on south and south-east facing slopes of Kimmeridgian soil.

22
Q

How many Grand Crus are there in Chablis AOC?

A

1 Grand Cru with seven climats

23
Q

What do you know about the only Chablis Grand Cru AOC? Where situated, exposition and soil?

A

A collection of seven climats on the right bank of the Serein river near the town of Chablis. It occupies the mid-slope of a south-facing hill of Kimmeridgian soil.

24
Q

What makes the placement of Chablis Grand Cru AOC vineyards special?

A

The Kimmeridgian soil there is a combination of crumbly marl and high clay content, allowing for both good drainage and water retention

The south-facing aspect offers more light and heat

The placement in mid-slope allows cold air to sink past it without inducing as much frost damage

A forest to the north of the sub-zone at the top of the hill shelters the vineyards from northerly winds

25
Q

Are Chablis AOC wines chaptalized?

A

Yes, regularly in all but the warmest years

26
Q

What is the standard for alcoholic fermentation, malolactic conversion, and lees contact in Chablis AOC?

A

For most wines, fermentation is generally in stainless steel with storage in stainless steel or concrete for a few months

Malolactic conversion is common to soften the acidity

The wine may spend time on the lees to enhance texture

27
Q

If there were a style of Chablis AOC with the influence of oak, which part of the hierarchy would it come from? How would it be used?

A

Producers of Grand Cru and Premier Cru Chablis may ferment and/or age their wine in oak barrels

28
Q

Which Chablis AOC producers are known for using old oak?

A

Dauvissat

Raveneau

29
Q

Which Chablis AOC producer is known for using new oak?

A

William Fèvre

30
Q

Which Chablis Grand Cru AOC producer is known for using stainless steel and concrete?

A

Jean-Marc Brocard

31
Q

What are the maximum allowed yields for Petit Chablis AOC and Chablis AOC?

A

60 hl/ha

32
Q

What is the maximum allowed yield for Chablis AOC Premier Cru?

A

58 hl/ha

33
Q

What is the maximum allowed yield for Chablis Grand Cru AOC?

A

54 hl/ha

34
Q

What is the most significant cooperative in Chablis? How much of the region’s wine is vinified by it? What level or levels of the hierarchy do they operate in?

A

La Chablisienne produces nearly one third of all Chablis wine at every quality tier.

35
Q

What is the trend for cooperative winemaking in Chablis?

A

Increasing numbers of producers are making and marketing their own wines.

36
Q

What are the seven Chablis Grand Cru AOC climats?

Mnenemic: BLV G VLB

A

Bougros
Les Preuses
(unofficial) La Moutonne
Vaudesir

Grenouilles

Valmur
Les Clos
Blanchot

37
Q

What is ‘Le Syndicat de Défense de l’Appellation de Chablis’?

A

An organization founded by William Fèvre in 1993 with the goal of combating fraud and addressing environmental issues

38
Q

What is ‘l’Union des Grands Crus de Chablis’?

A

A voluntary association of Grand Cru vineyard owners to promote the quality of Chablis Grand Cru. Members must practice sustainable viticulture and harvest by hand.

39
Q

What are the most important drivers of price for Chablis wines?

A

The name of the domaine

The level of the appellation

40
Q

What is the price of Chablis wines comparable to Côte d’Or white wines?

A

Chablis wines are generally lower in price compared to other wines in the same quality level from the Côte d’Or.

41
Q

How much of Chablis AOC production is exported?

A

66% (two thirds)

42
Q

Who are the top importers of Chablis wines?

A

United Kingdom (ahead by far)

United States

Japan

Sweden

Canada

43
Q

Name the 4 regions within the Yonne department

A

Chablis, Irancy, St-Bris, Auxerre

Wines of France FT (40 decks)

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