Anatomy and Physiology - Respiratory system Flashcards
What are the 3 major parts of the respiratory system?
The airway (upper respiratory tract)
The lungs(lower respiratory tract)
The muscles of respiration (diaphragm)
what does the airway consist of?
The nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx and trachea
what do the lungs do?
The functional units of the respiratory system by passing oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body
what do the muscles of respiration do?
the muscles of respiration, including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, work together to act as a pump, pushing air into and out of the lungs during breathing.
Name the areas of the upper respiratory tract
Nose or nostrils, nasal cavity, mouth, throat (pharynx), and voice box (larynx)
Name the areas of the lower respiratory tract
The windpipe (trachea) and within the lungs, the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
What is the name of the balloon-shaped air structures sit at the very end of the respiratory tree, involved in gaseous exchange?
Alveoli are microscopic balloon-shaped structures located at the end of the respiratory tree.
Name 2 functions of the respiratory system
Warms air to match your body temperature and moisturizes it to the humidity level your body needs. Delivers oxygen to the cells in your body. Removes waste gases, including carbon dioxide, from the body when you exhale. Protects your airways from harmful substances and irritants
Name the 3 regions of the pharynx.
Nasopharynx: The top part of the throat connects to the nasal cavities (nose) and lets air pass through.
Oropharynx: The middle part of the throat connects to the oral cavity (mouth). …
Laryngopharynx (or hypopharynx): The bottom part of the throat is near the larynx (or voice box).
What is the function of the epiglottis during respiration?
The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped flap in the throat that prevents food and water from entering the windpipe and the lungs. It stays open during breathing, allowing air into the larynx
Briefly describe what happens to allow inspiration to occur.
During inspiration, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, causing the rib cage to expand and move outward, and expanding the thoracic cavity and lung volume. This creates a lower pressure within the lung than that of the atmosphere, causing air to be drawn into the lungs.
What is the name of the muscles between the ribs which are important during respiration?
The diaphragm is attached to the base of the sternum, the lower parts of the rib cage, and the spine. As the diaphragm contracts, it increases the length and diameter of the chest cavity and thus expands the lungs. The intercostal muscles help move the rib cage and thus assist in breathing.
Where do you find the vocal cords?
The vocal cords (also called vocal folds) are two bands of smooth muscle tissue found in the larynx (voice box)
What is the name of the structure which separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and assists the intercostal muscles during respiration?
The diaphragm is a thin dome-shaped muscle which separates the thoracic cavity (lungs and heart) from the abdominal cavity (intestines, stomach, liver, etc.). It is involved in respiration, drawing downward in the chest on inhalation, and pushing upward in exhalation
How many lobes are there in the left lung and how many lobes in the right lung?
The right lung consists of three lobes: the right upper lobe (RUL), the right middle lobe (RML), and the right lower lobe (RLL). The left lung consists of two lobes: the left upper lobe (LUL) and the left lower lobe (LLL).
