2: Classification

Question 1

Phlogeny

Answer 1

the evolutionary development and diversification of a species or group of organisms, or of a particular feature of an organism

Question 2

Fossil record

Answer 2

the record of the occurrence and evolution of living organisms through geological time as inferred from fossils

Question 3

Precambrian Era
3500-600 MYA
1) 3500 MYA
2) 2200 MYA

Answer 3

1) earliest life on earth
first fossil of Procaryotes found
2) First Eucaryotes appeared

Question 4

Procaryotes

Bacteria & archaens

Answer 4

single celled
microscopic
lack membrane bound organelles (eg nucleus)

Question 5

Paleozoic Era

600-245 MYA

Answer 5

Life on land began with the Tiktaalik

• insects, fish, amphibians. reptiles
• liverworts, mosses and ferns

Question 6

Tiktaalik

375 MYA

Answer 6

first vertebrae on land
crocodile-like head & flattened body
fish fins evolved into limbs of tetrapods
skeleton could support its body
lived in warm subtropical climate

Question 7

Mesozoic Era

245-65 MYA

Answer 7

AGE OF REPTILES
mosses and ferns AND cone bearing plants (cycads & pines)
mammals and birds appeared 200-140 MYA

Question 8

Five mass extinctions

Answer 8

Ordonvician-Silurian 443 MYA
85% marine spp.
Late Devonian 359 MYA
50% of all genera
Permian 248 MYA
96% marine spp, 70% land spp.
Triassic-Jurrassic 200 MYA
50%marine and many vertebrate
Cretaceous-Tertiary 65 MYA
75% plants & animals
NO TETRAPODS MORE THAN 25KG SURVIVED

Question 9

Mass extinctions benefit

Answer 9

opportunities for evolution of groups that can survive these events

Question 10

Dinosaur extinction theory

Meteor

Answer 10

sediments contained iridium
fallout of huge dust cloud
blocked the suns rays and altered the climate/plant food sources (major decrease in oxygen in atmosphere

Question 11

Cenozoic Era

65 MYA

Answer 11

all modern day multicellular animal groups represented

flowering plants dominate the plant world

Question 12

Systematics

Answer 12

the branch of biology that deals with classification and nomenclature; taxonomy.
How organisms are related to each other through common ancestors

Question 13

Homologous

Answer 13

similar in position, structure, and evolutionary origin but not necessarily in function.
“a seal’s flipper is homologous with the human arm”

Question 14

Analagous

Answer 14

performing a similar function but having a different evolutionary origin, such as the wings of insects and birds.

Question 15

Cladogram

Answer 15

Groups organisms based on common ancestors (clades)

Question 16

Taxon mnemonic

Answer 16

Domain                       Dear
Kingdom                     King
Phylum                        Phillip
Class                            Come
Order                           Over
Family                          For
Genus                          Good
Species                       Soup