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D3 KID > Southern Italy > Flashcards

Southern Italy Flashcards

1
Q

Altitudes in Campania

A

200-600m

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2
Q

Three signature white grapes in Campania

A

Falanghina, Greco, Fiano

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3
Q

Signature black grape (and its key DOCG) in Campania?

A

Aglianico

Taurasi DOCG

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4
Q

Campania climate

A

Warm Mediterranean

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5
Q

Cooling influence in Campania?

A

Altitude

Inland vines planted on slopes up to 600m

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6
Q

Most grapes in Campania ripen early or late?

A

Late ripening

Sometimes threatened by cold and rainy early autumns

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7
Q

Three main soil types in Campania?

A

Limestone and clay (hills)
Volcanic and sandy (volanic areas)
Alluvial sediments (between Naples and Benevento)

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8
Q

Benefit of limestone and clay soils in the hills of Campania?

A

Good balance between fast drainage and water retention

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9
Q

Limestone and clay soils in hilly area of Campania contains which three important DOCGs?

A

Fiano di Avellino DOCG
Greco di Tufo DOCG
Taurasi DOCG

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10
Q

Two key DOCs in volanic/sandy soil area around Naples

A

Campi Flegrei DOC

Vesuvio DOC

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11
Q

Campi Flegrei DOC: soil types and types of wine

A

Tuff, pumice and sandy soil, fast draining
Whites: Falanghina
Reds and rosés: Piedirosso

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12
Q

Vesuvio DOC also includes wines labelled with what weird term?

A

Lacyrma Christi

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13
Q

Soils in Vesuvio DOC

A

similar to Campi Flegrei DOC: tuff, pumice and sandy soil, fast draining

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14
Q

Key grapes in Vesuvio DOC

A

Red wines: Piedirosso

White wines: Coda di Volpe

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15
Q

Campania: alluvial sediments in the large area between Naples and Benvento, what kind of denominations will you find here?

A

Beneventano IGT

Sannio DOC

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16
Q

Campania wines tend to be single varietal or blends?

A

Mostly single varietal

Mostly 100% that variety, or 85% plus authorised blending variety

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17
Q

Most planted grape in Campania?

A

Aglianico

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18
Q

Most planted black grape, most planted white grape in Campania?

A

Black: Aglianico
White: Falanghina

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19
Q

Why is timing of harvest important for Falanghina?

A

Grapes can shrivel at the end of the season

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20
Q

Falanghina style

A

Medium intensity apple, white peach, herbaceous, grass
Medium (+) acidity
Most unoaked

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21
Q

Largest DOC in Campania for Falanghina?

A

Falanghina del Sannio

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22
Q

Why is Greco challenging to grow?

A

Prone to grey rot, both mildews

Low vigour, low productivity

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23
Q

What makes Greco suitable for a warm region (eg Campania)?

A

Toelrant of heat

Drought-resistant

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24
Q

Soils for Greco di Tufo DOCG

A

Limestone and clay

NB “tufo” not referring to soil - it’s the name of the nearby town

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25
Q

Max yield for Greco di Tufo

A

70hl/ha

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26
Q

Greco di Tufo style

A 
Deep lemon
High alcohol
Oily texture
Floral, stone-fruit, smoky
Unoaked
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27
Q

Who rescued Fiano from neglect?

A

Mastroberardino

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28
Q

Fiano di Avellino DOCG style

A

Medium (-) to medium intensity floral, peach, hazelnut
Medium (+) body
Medium to medium (+) acid
Waxy texutre

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29
Q

Aglianico buds early or late

A

Early - frost

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30
Q

Aglianico ripens early or late?

A

Late

Requires a long season for tannins to ripen

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31
Q

Aglianico style

A

Medium (+) to pronounced intensity
Rose, red plum, blackberry
High acid
High tannin

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32
Q

Taurasi DOCG: what % of Aglianico?

A

Min 85%

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33
Q

Ageing requirement for Taurasi DOCG?

A

Three years ageing, minimum one year in wood

Riserva: four years with 18 months in wood

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34
Q

When is Aglianico harvested for Taurasi?

A

End of October, early November

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35
Q

Maceration for Aglianico for Tarausi?

A

Long maceration, min 20 days

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36
Q

Piedirosso style

A 
Red wines
Pale ruby
Fresh, medium (+) acid
Medium tannins
Red plum
Red cherry
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37
Q

Islands in Campania where Piedirosso grows

A

Ischia

Capri

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38
Q

What are Ischia and Capri?

A

Two islands in Campania

Piedirosso grown here

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39
Q

Why does Piedirosso resist botrytis well?

A

Open bunches, thick skinned berries

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40
Q

What is Piedirosso used for in Campania (2)?

A
  1. Early drinking varietal wines

2. Soften Aglianico-based wines, add perfume and freshness

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41
Q

Irpinia DOC covers what province?

A

Avellino

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42
Q

Sannio DOC covers what province?

A

Benevento

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43
Q

Significant companies in Campania

A

Mastroberardino
Terredora (offshot of Mastroberardino family)
Feudi di San Gregorio

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44
Q

Important co-op in Campania

A

La Guardiense

1,000 member co-op, makes 15% of wine from Benevento province

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45
Q

What is La Guardiense?

A

Large, 1,000-member co-op in Campania

Benevento provicne

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46
Q

Most of Basilicata’s production is what quality level of wine?

A

IGT or “wine”

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47
Q

Most important denomination in Basilicata?

A

Aglianico del Vulture DOC

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48
Q

Aglianico del Vulture named for/located beside what

A

Mount Vulture, an inactive volcano

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49
Q

Aglianico accounts for what % of plantings in Basilicata?

A

33%

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50
Q

Aglianico del Vulture must be what % Aglianico?

A

100%

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51
Q

Vulture DOC: soils? So what?

A

Clay, limestone and volcanic
Volcanic gives excellent drainage
Clay and limestone holds water

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52
Q

Climate in Basilicata/Vulture?

A

Warm Medietrranean
Cooling from altitude, breezes from Balkans
=> retain acidity, extend growing season => high aromatic intensity

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53
Q

Aglianico del Vulture DOC style

A 
Red plum and blackberry
Full body
high acid
High alcohol
High tannins
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54
Q

Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG. What’s different?

A

Max yield lower (52hl/ha vs. 70hl/ha)

Min three years ageing, one in oak

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55
Q

Is Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG a popular category with producers?

A

Some use it (eg d’Angelo)

Others (e.g Elena Fucci) don’t, they just sell their DOC 2 years or whatever after harvest

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56
Q

Significant producers in Aglianico del Vulture?

A

Paternoster (now owned by Tommasi)
d’Angelo
Elena Fucci

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57
Q

Climate in Puglia

A

Hot Mediterranean

Moderating breezes from sea

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58
Q

What makes Puglia well suited to volume wine production?

A

Hot climate
Low rainfall => low disease pressure
Fertile soils
Irrigiation permitted

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59
Q

Most planted grape in Puglia?

A

Sangiovese

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60
Q

Puglia: when does Primitivo ripen

A

Early! Often picked in August to avoid autumn rain

61
Q

Primitivo buds early or late

A

Early (frost)

62
Q

Why is Puglian Primitivo more disease resitant than Californian Zinfandel?

A

Bunches are looser with smaller berries

63
Q

Why is strict sorting important with Primitivo?

A

Bunches contain ripe and under-ripe fruit

Sorting necessary for high quality

64
Q

Account for Primitivo’s high alcohol

A

Accumulates sugar easily

Grapes tend to dry on vine before harvest, adding to high alcohol

65
Q

Training for Primitivo in Puglia: old vines and new vines

A

Old vines: bush trained, low density

Newer vines, inexpensive boys: trellised (cordon trained or cane-pruned with VSP) to enable mechanisation

66
Q

Two main DOCs for Primitivo in Puglia?

A

Primitivo di Manduria DOC

Gioia del Colle DOC

67
Q

Minimum % of Primitivo in Primitivo di Manduria DOC?

A

85%

68
Q

Primitivo di Manduria DOC Riserva: ageing and other requirements?

A

2 1/2 years, including 9 months in wood

Min 14% abv

69
Q

Gioia del Colle DOC must be what % Primitivo? (And what else?)

A

50-60% Primitivo
with Montepulciano, Sangivoese and/or Negroamaro
optional up to 10% Malvasia

70
Q

Body and alcohol for Primitivo di Manduria DOC and Gioia del Colle DOC?

A

Full body

High alcohol

71
Q

Top producer for Primitivo di Manduria DOC?

A

Gianfranco Fino

72
Q

Top producer for Gioia del Colle DOC

A

Polvanera

73
Q

One reason for resurgent popularity of Primitivo?

A

Popularity of California Zinfandel

74
Q

Primitivo di Manduria/Gioia del Colle: style

A 
Full body
High alcohol
Medium (+) to pronounced
Ripe to jammy red cherry, strawberry
Medium acid
Medium to medium (+) tannin
75
Q

What makes Negroamaro suitable to grow in a hot climate (eg. eastern side of Salento peninsula, Puglia)?

A

High yielding
Disease resistant
Drought resistant
Ability to retain acidity

76
Q

Most important DOC for Negroamaro in puglia?

A

Salice Salentino DOC

77
Q

Salice Salentino Rosso DOC must be what % Negroamaro?

A

75%

90% if “Negroamaro” on the label

78
Q

Negroamaro style (eg Salice Salentino)

A

Black plum, black cherry
Medium to high alcohol
Medium acid
Medium (+) tannin

79
Q

Top producers for Negroamaro in Puglia

A

Agricola Vallone

Leone de Castris

80
Q

Nero di Troia aka

A

Uva di Troia

81
Q

Difference in ripening between Nero di Troia vs. Primitivo and Negroamaro?

A

NdT needs a long season to develop full colour
=> susceptible to autumn rain
Bunches ripen at different times -> costly passes through vineyard

82
Q

Nero di Troia style

A

Medium intensity red cherry, redcurrant, black pepper
High but fine-grained tannins
Medium (+) acidity

83
Q

Most important PDO for Nero di Troia?

A

Castel del Monte DOC

Castel del Monte Riserva DOCG

84
Q

Castel del Monte is the most important PDO for what Puglian grape?

A

Nero di Troia

Sebastiano!

85
Q

Castel del Monte must be what % nero di troia?

A

90% if Nero di Troia stated on the label

86
Q

What % of Puglian wine is PDO?

A

Less than 10%

60% is just “wine”

87
Q

What is Cantina Due Palme?

A

Big co-op in Puglia
1,000 members
2,500ha of vines

88
Q

Most planted white grape and most important red grape in Sicily?

A

White: Catarratto
Red: Nero d’Avola

89
Q

Sicily climate

A

Warm Mediterranean

90
Q

Low rainfall in Sicily. So what?

A

Need to irrigate

Particularly high volume areas

91
Q

Catarratto, Grillo and Inzolia are what? What are they used for?

A

Local white grapes in Sicily
Used for inexpensive dry whites and for Marsala
Blended with each other or with CHardonnay

92
Q

What is Catarratto known for?

A

High yields

Disease resistant

93
Q

Catarratto style

A

Light intensity lemon and herbal
High acid
Medium alcohol

94
Q

Grillo is a cross of what two varieties?

A

Catarratto adn Moscato

95
Q

What makes Grillo suitable for warm, dry Sicilian climate?

A

High yield
Heat resistant
Disease restistant

96
Q

Grillo style

A

Full body
Medium intensity lemon and floral
Medium alcohol
High acid

97
Q

Key producer/champion of Grillo in Sicily?

A

Marco de Bartoli

98
Q

Inzolia aka

A

Ansonica

99
Q

Why does Inzolia need to be picked early?

A

Otherwise it loses acidity

100
Q

Inzolia style

A

White
Medium (-) intensity lemon
Medium acid
Medium body

101
Q

Which Moscato in Sicily? What’s it known locally as?

A

Muscat of Alexandria

aka Zibibbo

102
Q

Moscato/Zibibbo in Sicily: which island?

A

Pantelleria

103
Q

What is Zibibbo?

A

aka Muscat of Alexandria

Sicily

104
Q

Three styles of Moscato/Zibibbo in Pantelleria, Sicily

A

Dry
Late harvest
Passito

105
Q

Style of passito Moscato/Zibibbo in Pantelleria, Sicily

A

Deep lemon
Pronounced cooked orange, apricot, honey
Sweet
High alcohol

106
Q

Nero d’Avola aka

A

Calabrese

107
Q

Nero d’Avola style

A

Medium to deep ruby
Red cherry, black plum
Medium (+) to high tannin
Medium to medium (+) acid

108
Q

Nero d’Avola is late ripening. So what?

A

Often trained low to ground to maximsie heat

109
Q

Why does Nero d’Avola yield vary from one year to next?

A

Suffers from uneven flowering

110
Q

What is Sicily’s only DOCG?

A

Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG

Blend of Nero d’Avola and Frappato and int’l varieties

111
Q

Top producers of Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG

A

Cos

Planeta

112
Q

What is Cerasuolo di Vittoria?

A 
Sicily's only DOCG
Red wine (not rosé)
Blend of Nero d'Avola, Frappato adn int'l varieties
113
Q

Nerello Mascalese buds early. So what?

A

Spring forst

114
Q

Etna altitudes

A

400-1,000m

115
Q

Account for intenstiy of flavour of wines from Etna?

A

Altitude of 400-1,000m

Long growing season

116
Q

Why is careful deleafing important for Nerello Mascalese on Etna?

A

Deleaf too early: berries sunburn

Deleaf too late: berries don’t ripen -> unripe flavours, harsh tannins

117
Q

Nerello Mascalese is moderately tannic. So what?

A

Shrot time on skins (10-15 days)

Avoid over-extraction

118
Q

Top producer in Etna?

A

Graci

119
Q

Nerello Mascalese style

A

Medium to pale ruby (depending on extraction)
High intensity aromas red cherry violet, herbal earth
High acid
Medium to high tannins
Medium alcohol (but at the high end)

120
Q

Etna Rosso DOC must be what % Nerello Mascalese?

A

80%

121
Q

Etna Rosso: what two grapes?

A 
Nerello Mascalese (min 80%)
Nerello Cappucio
122
Q

Etna: work by hand?

A

Yes

Vineyards on steep slopes

123
Q

Max yield for Etna Rosso

A

56hl/ha

124
Q

Main grape for Etna Bianco DOC?

A

Carricante
Min 60% -> often 100%

(can be blended with Cataratto)

125
Q

Malolactic for Etna Bianco?

A

Normally yes, reduce acid

large diurnal range gives high acid

126
Q

Etna Bianco style

A

Medium intensity lemon
Green apple
High acid
Medium alcohol

127
Q

What has bigger volume: Etna Rosso or Etna Bianco?

A

Etna Rosso

128
Q

What happened to IGT Sicilia in 2011?

A

It became Sicilia DOC

129
Q

Large and influential private companies in Sicily?

A

Donnafugata
Tasca d’Almerita
Planeta

130
Q

Big co-op in Sicily?

A

Settesoli
2,000 growers
6,000ha

131
Q

What % of Sicilian wine is bottled?

A

Only 20%!

Most is sold in bulk

132
Q

Where is Sardinia located?

A

Off the coast of Tuscany

South of Corsica

133
Q

Most important grapes on Sardinia?

A

Cannonau (Grenache)
Carignano (Carignan
Vermentino

134
Q

Two local grapes on Sardinia (one white, one black) mainly for local consumption?

A

Monica (black)

Nuragus (white)

135
Q

What is Monica?

A

Black grape on Sardinia

Mostly localy consumption

136
Q

Climate in Sardinia

A

Warm Mediterranean

137
Q

Sardinian name for Grenache?

A

Cannonau

138
Q

Most important DOC for Cannonau on Sardinia?

A

Cannonau di Sardegna DOC

139
Q

Vermentino is early budding. So what?

A

Spring frost

140
Q

Vermentino style (Sardinia)

A

Medium intensity lemon and acacia (tropical if v ripe)
Light to medium body
Medium alcohol
Medium (+) acid

141
Q

Vermentino winemaking (Sardinia)

A

Gentle pressing of grapes
Short skin contact (24hrs)
Ferment cool to mid range (steel)
Short ageing (3-4 mths) (neutral, on fine lees)

142
Q

2 most important PDOs for Vermentino in Sardinia?

A

Vermentino di Sardegna DOC

Vermentino di Gallura DOCG

143
Q

What is Sardinia’s only DOCG?

A

Vermentino di Gallura DOCG

144
Q

Main PDO for Carignano in Sardinia?

A

Carignano del Sulcis DOC

145
Q

How is Carignano trained on Sardinia?

A

Bush vines

146
Q

Why are bush vines suited (eg Carignano) to Sardinia?

A

Suit the dry climate of the area

Restrain Carignanon’s natural vigour

147
Q

What proportion of Sardinia is PDO?

A

Two thirds

148
Q

What is Cantina Santadi

A

High quality co-op on Sardinia

Giacomo Tachis consultant

D3 KID (35 decks)

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