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chemistry > acids alkali bases > Flashcards

acids alkali bases Flashcards

1
Q

UI

A

red - acid
green
purple - alkali
range of colours - quantitive

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2
Q

methyl orange

A

red - acid
orange
yellow - alkali

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3
Q

phenolphthalein

A

colourless - acid / neutral

pink - alkali

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4
Q

red litmus paper

A

blue in alkali

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5
Q

blue litmus paper

A

red in acid

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6
Q

acid definition

A

proton donor

releases H+ ions in water

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7
Q

ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

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8
Q

phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4

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9
Q

strong acid

A

fully ionise
higher concentration of H+
eg hydrochloric

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10
Q

weak acid

A

partially ionises
lower concentration of H+
eg ethanoic

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11
Q

base definition

A

proton acceptor

neutralises acids

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12
Q

alkali definition

A

soluble bases

substance which releases OH- ions when in water

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13
Q

common alkalis (4)

A

NaOH
KOH
Ca(OH)2
NH3

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14
Q

ionic equation for neutralisation

A

H+ + OH- > H2O

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15
Q

acid + metal

A

salt + hydrogen
effervescence + solid disappears
REDOX

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16
Q

acid + metal carbonate

A

salt + water + CO2
solid disappears + effervescence
NEUTRALISATION

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17
Q

acid + metal oxide

A

salt + water
solid disappears
NEUTRALISATION

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18
Q

acid + metal hydroxide

A

salt + water
solid disappears
NEUTRALISATION

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19
Q

acid + ammonia

A

ammoniUM salt

NEUTRALISATION

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20
Q

all acid reactions

A

make salts

exothermic

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21
Q

hydrogen test

A

lit splint

squeaky pop

22
Q

don’t react K Li Na

A

too reactive + dangerous

23
Q

don’t react Cu Ag Au

A

unreactive

less reactive than hydrogen

24
Q

test HCl gas with blue litmus

A

DAMP to make HCl dissolve to make HCl (aq)

acid - red

25
Q

hydrated salts

A

salts containing water of crystallisation
evaporate 2/3 of water
leave to cool/crystallise
filter + dry

26
Q

anhydrous salt

A

heat to dryness

no water of crystallisation

27
Q

anhydrous salt test for water

A

anhydrous copper sulphate + water

goes from white to blue

28
Q

sodium solubility

A

soluble

29
Q

potassium solubility

A

soluble

30
Q

ammonium solubility

A

soluble

31
Q

acids solubility

A

soluble

32
Q

bases solubility

A

insoluble (hydroxides oxides + carbonates)

except sodium… potassium… ammonium… ammonia calcium hydroxide

33
Q

nitrates solubility

A

soluble

34
Q

chloride solubility

A

soluble

except silver and lead

35
Q

sulphates solubility

A

soluble

except barium calcium + lead

36
Q

making insoluble salts (5)

- precipitate

A 
MIX 2 solutions
STIR
FILTER precipitate
WASH - distilled water
DRY - filter paper
37
Q

why wash precipitate

A

distilled contains no other compounds that can react

to make it pure and remove solution

38
Q

soluble salt methods (3)

A

acid + metal
acid + insoluble base
acid + soluble base (titration)

39
Q

soluble salt - acid + metal/insoluble base

A 
WARM acid
add XS base/metal
FILTER off xs to obtain filtrate 
HEAT filtrate to evaporate 2/3 of the water (saturated)
COOL/CRYSTALLISE solution
FILTER off water
DRY between filter paper
40
Q

why warm acid

A

speed up reaction

41
Q

how to tell its in XS

A

solid stops disappearing(all acid reacts)

42
Q

test for saturation

A

glass rod

crystals form in end

43
Q

making anhydrous salt

A

once you have soluble salt solution heat to dryness not saturation

44
Q

why use volumetric pippette

A

very acurate

45
Q

why use burette

A

measure precisely

and add acid slowly / gradually

46
Q

why run acid through burette

A

fills to end of tap

47
Q

why swirl

A

mix round acid evenly

48
Q

concentration

A

no. moles of solute in 1dm^3 of solvent

no. moles/volume

49
Q

dm^3

A

cm^3/1000

50
Q

soluble salt - acid + soluble base (alkali) 13

A
  • add alkali to conical flask (VOLUMETRIC PIPETTE)
  • add INDICATOR
  • fill BURETTE with acid (record initial volume)
  • let some acid out (fill the jet)
  • add acid drop by drop + SWIRL
  • till indicator changes colour
  • record final volume and subtract initial to find amount of acid added
  • repeat till CONCORDANT values
  • AVERAGE concordant values and add average amount to alkali (no indicator)
  • HEAT (evaporate 2/3 of water) till saturated
  • COOL/CRYSTALLISE solution
  • FILTER to obtain crystals
  • DRY between filter paper
51
Q

concordant results

A

two results within 0.1cm^3

chemistry (17 decks)

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