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Ophthalmology > Diseases Of Retina > Flashcards

Diseases Of Retina Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of retina (inner to outer)

A 
Inner limiting
Nerve fibre layer (optic Nerve)
Ganglion cell
Inner plexiform
Inner nuclear
Outer plexiform
Outer nuclear
Outer limiting
Rods+cones
Pigment epithelium (Melanin)
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2
Q

Function of pigment layer in retina

A

Metabolic support to neurosensory retina

Acts as antireflective layer

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3
Q

Functions of interphotore eptor matrix (IPM)

A

B/w pigment epithelium and neurosensory retina

Retinal attachment
Retinal Adhesion
Molecular trafficking
Phagocytosis (facilitation)
Alignment of photoreceptor outer segment
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4
Q

Constituents og Interphotoreceptor matrix

A 
IP retinal binding protein
Fibropectin
Sialoprotein (SPARC)
Intercellular adhesion molecules
Hyaluronic acid receptor (CD44 antigen)
Matrix metalloproteinases
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase
Proteoglycanglycosaminoglycans
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5
Q

Peripheral vision + scotopic vision is feature of

A

Rods

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6
Q

Colour vision+ photopic vision (discriminatory central vision) is a feature of

A

Cones

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7
Q

Outer plexiform layer constitjtes

A

Rod spherules
Cone pedicles
Dendrites of bipolar + horizontal cells

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8
Q

Types of ganlion cells

A 
Midget ganglion (macular region)
Plysynaptic ganglion ( peripheral retina)
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9
Q

Nerve fibre layer (stratum opticum) pass through _________ to form optic nerve.

A

Lamina cribrosa

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10
Q

Internal limiting membrane is essentially a basement membrane formed by

A

Union of terminal expansion (Muller’s fibres)

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11
Q

End receptors of retina

A

Rods

Cones

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12
Q

1° order neuron

A

Bipolar cells

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13
Q

2° order neuron

A

Ganglion cells

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14
Q

3°order neuron

A

Neurons of geniculate body

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15
Q

Blood supply of outer retinal layers (4)

A

Ant. Ciliary arteries
Post. Ciliary arteries

Nutrition by choroidal system+ vascular system

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16
Q

Blood supply of inner layer of retina(6)

A

Central retinal A (ophthalmic artery)

Cilioretinal A (post. Ciliary artery)(supplies macular area in some cases)

17
Q

Functional division of retina

A 
Temporal retina (ipsilateral geniculate tract)
Nasal retina (contralateral geniculate tract)
18
Q

Braches of central retinal artery

A

Superior nasal
Superior temporal
Inferior nasal
Inferior temporal

19
Q

Arterial Circle of Zinn/Haller supply

A

Lamina cribrosa
To optic nerve head
Surrounding retina

20
Q

Auto fluorescence condition

A

Drunsen of optic disc
Intrapapillary refractile bodies

Children- pseudo papilloedema
Teens- waxy pea like refractile bodies

21
Q

Anomalies of optic disc

A 
Crescent
Congenital pigmentation
Coloboma
Drunsen
Hypoplasia of optic disc
22
Q

Anomalies pf retina proper

A 
Albinism
Congenital night blindness
Congenital day blindness
Oguchi's disease
Congenital retinal cyst
Congenital retinoschisis
Congenital retinal detachment
Coloboma of fundus
23
Q

Congenital anomalies of macula

A

Aplasia
Hypoplasia
Coloboma

24
Q

Whitish patch with feathery margins
Enlargement of blind spot
Myelination of nerve fibres
Congenital anomaly

A

Anomaly of nerve fibres

Medullated/Opaque nerve fibres

25
Q

Inflammatory disease of retina

A 
Retinitis (infectious,non-infectious)
Retinal vasculitis (Eale's disease
26
Q

Infectious retinitis can be

A

Bacterial
Acute (pyaemia)
Subacute retinitis of Roth (Roth’s /white spot at centre)
Non-pyogenic (TB, Leprosy,Syphilis,actinomycosis)

Viral retinitis (CMV,Rubella,Herpes zoster)

Mycotic retinitis
Rickettsial retinitis
Parasitic retinitis

27
Q

Non infectious retinitis include

A

Chorioretinitis

Neuroretinitis

28
Q

Retinal vasculitis (Eales’ disease)

A 
Inflammation of peripheral retinal veins
Recurrent viterous haemorhhage
Bilateral
Young adult Males (20-30 years)
Symptoms
   Sudden floaters appear (black spots)
   Sudden painless loss of vision
29
Q

Stages of Eales’ disease

A

Active inflammation
Ischaemia/vascular occlusion
Retinal neovascularization
Sequelae/advance stage

30
Q

Stage of active inflammation of Eales’disease

A

Peripheral veins congested
Perivascular exudates
Sheathing
Superficial haemorhhages (flame shaped /sheets)

31
Q

Stage of ischaemic/vascular occlusion Eales’ disease

A

Obliterated vessels

Areas pf capillary non-perfusion(CNP)

32
Q

Stage of neovascularisation Eales’ disease

A

Abnomal fragile vessels
Recurrent viterous haemorhhage (bleeding)
Laser photocoagulation indicated in this stage

33
Q

Stage of sequelae /advance stage Eales’ disease

A

Complications occur

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Tractional retinal detachment
Rubeosis iridis
Neovascular glaucoma.

Ophthalmology (16 decks)

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