transcription vs translation

Question 1

what are the 9 differences between transcription & translation?

Answer 1

1. location of process
2. raw material required
3. enzyme that catalyse the reaction
4. products formed
5. template used
6. how the genetic information of the template is read
7. complementary base pairing
8. involvement of ribosomes
9. involvement of tRNA

Question 2

what is the difference in the locations where transcription & translation take place?

Answer 2

• transcription takes place in the nucleus,
• while translation takes place in the cytoplasm

Question 3

what is the difference in the raw material required for transcription & translation to start?

Answer 3

• transcription requires free ribonucleotides as raw material,
• while translation requires amino acids as raw material

Question 4

what is the difference in the enzyme used between transcription & translation?

Answer 4

• in transcription, RNA polymerase catalyses the formation of phosphodiester bonds between ribonucleotides,
• while in translation, peptidyl transferase within the ribosome catalyses the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

Question 5

what is the difference in the products formed between transcription & translation?

Answer 5

• after transcription, the products formed are mRNA, tRNA & rRNA,
• while after translation, the product formed is a polypeptide chain

Question 6

what is the difference in the template used to carry out transcription & translation?

Answer 6

• in transcription, the template used is DNA,
• while in translation, the template used is mRNA

Question 7

what is the difference in how the genetic information of the template is read between transcription & translation?

Answer 7

• in transcription, the DNA strand is read in the 3’ to 5’ direction,
• while in translation, the mRNA strand is read in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 8

what is the difference between the complementary base pairing in transcription & translation?

Answer 8

• in transcription, complementary base pairing occurs between free RNA nucleotides & the DNA nucleotides of the DNA template,
• while in translation, complementary base pairing occurs between the anticodons of tRNA & the codons on the mRNA template

Question 9

what is the difference in ribosome involvement between transcription & translation?

Answer 9

• in transcription, ribosomes are not involved,
• while in translation, free ribosomes & ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are involved

Question 10

what is the difference in tRNA involvement between transcription & translation?

Answer 10

• transcription does not require the involvement of tRNA,
• while translation requires the involvement of tRNA