Important Terms for Midterm PART 1

Question 1

fat

Answer 1

adipose

Question 2

the study of the form and structure of an animal body and its parts. Through anatomy we can describe where things are located in or on the animal body and what they look like

Answer 2

anatomy

Question 3

A directional term meaning toward the front of a human body

Answer 3

anterior

Question 4

trunk of the body- formed by the rib cage and the abdomen

Answer 4

barrel

Question 5

the left and right halves of an animal’s body are mirror images of each other. Paired structures, such as the kidneys, are located one on each side of the body, and single structures, such as the heart, are located near the median plane

Answer 5

bilateral symmetry

Question 6

Area at the base of the neck between the front legs that covers the cranial end of the sternum

Answer 6

brisket

Question 7

the large metacarpal and metatarsal bones of the horse

Answer 7

cannon (bone)

Question 8

striated, involuntary muscle exclusive to the heart. Influenced by the autonomic nerve system. Has one centrally-located nucleus and intercalated discs that form special connections between the muscle branches

Answer 8

cardiac muscle

Question 9

the joint composed of the carpal bones. Referred to as the knee of the horse and the wrist of humans

Answer 9

carpus

Question 10

directional term- toward the tail end of an animal

Answer 10

caudal

Question 11

tissue made up of cells and extracellular substances that connect and support cells and other tissues

Answer 11

connective tissue

Question 12

directional term meaning toward the head of an animal

Answer 12

cranial

Question 13

the cranial portion of the dorsal body cavity, formed from several skull bones. Houses and protects the brain

Answer 13

cranium

Question 14

directional term meaning toward the center of the body or body part

Answer 14

deep/internal

Question 15

the collection of organs that take in, digest, and absorb food to maintain health. includes all structures of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Accessory organs such as gallbladder and pancreas provide secretions that aid in the chemical part of the process

Answer 15

digestive system

Question 16

directional term used only for extremities of the body. Implies a position or direction away from the body proper

Answer 16

distal

Question 17

directional term- toward the top of an animal when standing on all four legs; toward the backbone

Answer 17

dorsal

Question 18

the space in the skull and spinal column that contains the brain and spinal cord. Skull portion- cranium. Spinal column portion- spinal canal

Answer 18

dorsal body cavity

Question 19

anatomic reference plane that divides the body into dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) halves that are not necessarily equal

Answer 19

dorsal plane

Question 20

a collection of tissues made up of layers of cells that line and cover body surfaces. cells may be in single layers or multilayered and can regenerate quickly

Answer 20

epithelial tissue

Question 21

Balance of solutes and solution between the in and out of a cell OR the sense that helps an animal maintain its balance by keeping track of the position and movements of its head

Answer 21

equilibrium

Question 22

towards the surface of the body or body part

Answer 22

external/superficial

Question 23

the joint between the large metacarpal or metatarsal and the proximal phalanx

Answer 23

fetlock

Question 24

a whole-body response from an animal feeling threatened that prepares the body for intense physical activity. Results from direct sympathetic nerve stimulation and the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream from the medulla of the adrenal gland.

Answer 24

fight or flight system

Question 25

lateral surface of the abdomen between the last rib and the hind legs

Answer 25

flank

Question 26

the part of the digestive tube composed of the stomach, small and large intestine.

Answer 26

gastrointestinal tract

Question 27

the study of body structures that are visible to the naked eye

Answer 27

gross anatomy

Question 28

a state of normal anatomy and physiology that allows the body to function normally

Answer 28

health

Question 29

ankle joint or tarsus; joins the tibiotarsus and the tarsometatarsus of birds

Answer 29

hock

Question 30

a state of equilibrium maintained in the body by feedback and regulatory processes in response to internal and external changes; the maintenance of balance in the body

Answer 30

homeostasis

Question 31

directional term- toward the lower portion of a human body

Answer 31

inferior

Question 32

the first step in the healing process when the body is injured. Its purpose is the clean up the damages area through various inflammatory processes so healing can begin

Answer 32

inflammation

Question 33

directional term- away from the median plane of the body

Answer 33

lateral

Question 34

directional term- toward the median plan of the body

Answer 34

medial

Question 35

sagittal plane that runs down the center of the body and divides it into equal left and right halves

Answer 35

median/midsaggital plane

Question 36

the study of anatomic parts too small to be seen with the unaided eye such as cells and tissues

Answer 36

microscopic anatomy