C6. Equilibria Flashcards
What is a reversible reaction?
Reaction that takes place in both directions; Both directions the reactions are incomplete
What is a dynamic equilibrium?
Equilibrium where reactions take place in both directions at the same time, rate and in a closed system
What happens when a reaction reaches dynamic equilibrium?
Concentration of reactants and products remain the same; Rate of forward and backward reactions are equal
What is Le Chatelier’s Principle?
Position of the equilibrium of a system changes to minimise effect of any imposed change in condition
What factors affect the position of equilibrium?
Temperature, Pressure, Concentration
What effect does changing temperature have on a dynamic equilibrium ?
Increasing temperature, Equilibrium shifts in endothermic direction; Decrease temperature, Equilibrium shifts in exothermic direction
What effect does changing concentration have on a dynamic equilibrium?
Increasing concentration of reactant, Equilibrium shifts in product direction; Increasing concentration of product, Equilibrium shift in reactant direction
What effect does changing pressure have on a dynamic equilibrium?
Increasing pressure, equilibrium shift in lower mole direction; Decreasing pressure, Equilibrium shift in higher mole direction
What effect does a catalyst have on a dynamic equilibrium?
No effect, catalyst speeds up rate of both backwards and forwards equally, increases rate at which equilibrium is reached
What factors are considered for industrial equilibrium?
Cost of production, rate of production, safety
What is the process of manufacturing ammonia?
N2(g) + H2(g) <=> 2NH3(g)
N2 extracted from air, fraction distillation; H2 obtained from methane (nickel catalyst)
What is the conditions for the haber process?
450c, 200 atm, finely divided iron catalyst, Unreacted N2 & H2 recycled
What is Kc?
Equilibrium constant, ratio of products and reactants, (c = molar concentration)
When is Kc consant?
When temperature is constant
What does Kc > 1 & < 1 indicate?
Kc > 1 = equilibrium on product side ; Kc < 1 equilibrium on reactant side
